Different nitrogen fertilizer characteristics vary

In the spring wheat field management, topdressing is a key measure, which is directly related to the high yield and high efficiency of wheat. According to the "2012 National Wheat Spring Management Technical Reference" issued by the Ministry of Agriculture, the focus of spring management is to apply the joint fertilizer to achieve the purpose of strong stalks and large spikes. According to the different areas and seedlings, the topdressing guidance is as follows: In the large-scale production of dryland wheat fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, for the wheat fields suitable for the number of stems, the urea can be applied generally 7~10 kg/mu. For the northwest hilly dryland wheat, it is required to ditch and topdress the fertilizer. It is recommended that the amount of urea is 5-10 kg of urea or quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer such as ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium sulfate with similar pure nitrogen content; fertilization and watering for high-yield wheat fields in the north at jointing stage Apply urea to 10 to 15 kg per mu. It can be seen that the topdressing of wheat is mainly to apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer. Urea as a representative of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in the "Reference" reflects that China's current urea has become a nitrogen fertilizer.

In fact, there are two prominent features and differences between the two types of nitrogen fertilizer. One is that the fertilizer of urea is larger than that of ammonium bicarbonate; the other is that the fertilizer effect of ammonium bicarbonate is faster than that of urea. What differences may be shown when different nitrogen fertilizers are used for spring topdressing in wheat fields? how to choose? How to adjust the usage to meet the high-yield and high-efficiency demand of wheat? In this regard, experts compare several common nitrogen fertilizers as follows:

The effect of different nitrogen fertilizers is slower than that of urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride. The reason is: urea is an amide nitrogen fertilizer. Unlike inorganic ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, it is a molecular nitrogen fertilizer. Although it is water-soluble, it is dissolved in molecular state after being applied to the soil. The crop roots cannot be absorbed in large quantities. After the soil urease hydrolyzes it into ammonium carbonate, the crop can absorb a large amount of ammonium nitrogen. Therefore, the fertilizer is also used as a top dressing. The urea fertilizer is slower than the ammonium carbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonia in the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer. Wait.

Is the urea fertilizer applied in spring wheat field slower than ammonium sulfate and ammonium carbonate for several days? This depends on the soil temperature conditions. When the soil temperature is 10 °C, the total conversion of urea takes 8 to 10 days; at 20 °C, it takes 4 to 5 days. If the soil temperature reaches 28 °C, it takes only 2 to 3 days. Conversion, so in the use of urea for wheat jointing fertilizer, in order to better play the fertilizer effect, generally 4 to 6 days before the application can be completed in time for absorption and utilization. If you choose ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride or ammonia, you don't have to go ahead.

The difference in the application rates of different nitrogen fertilizers is the lowest in the available nitrogen fertilizer. If the nitrogen application rate is 10 kg per mu, the application amount of ammonium bicarbonate should be 25-28 kg/mu. Ammonium sulphate is used for topdressing of wheat at jointing stage. The suitable dosage is between 15 and 20 kg per mu. If ammonium chloride is used for topdressing in wheat field, the dosage per mu is generally 10 to 16 kg, and ammonium chloride is used as top dressing. Do not use too much principle, nor can it be used for poorly drained saline-alkali wheat.

In short, no matter what kind of nitrogen fertilizer is used, the amount of nitrogen should not be excessive. Once too much is easy to produce fertilizer, the performance of the aboveground part is ammonia burning, which causes brown spots or burned mesophyll tissue in the leaves of wheat. The performance of the underground roots is that under the high salt concentration of the root layer soil, the root system is difficult to absorb water, the cells are “dehydrated”, the leaves of the plants are bun, and then the yellow leaves and even death, which is a serious “burning seedling”.

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