Yarn weaving production process
In the production of woven fabrics, the process flow should first be selected according to the characteristics of the fabric, the use, the source of the original yarn, and the package form. Cotton fabrics, wool fabrics, silk fabrics, hemp fabrics and other fabrics, although the weaving principle is basically the same, but their process flow is different, taking the natural cotton fabric as an example, the original yarn is different, the process is not the same. It's exactly the same.
Natural color cotton single yarn fabric process:
Warp Thread Yarn -> Winding ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─
↓│↓
Weaving-→Inspection---Discrete---------package----------
Wet
|
Indirect weft yarn ─→winding ─→volume ───→│
│
Wet
|
Weft direct weft tube ───────────→│
The process of natural color polyester-cotton blended strand fabric:
Warp bobbin → winding → doubling → æ» line → winding → warping → parallel shaft or sizing → wear ↓
Weaving → fabric inspection → folding cloth → woven → packaging → storage ↑
Weft bobbin → winding → doubling → æ» line → winding ─ → fixed æ» â”€ → winding weft
The following is an example of the production process of woven fabrics using natural cotton cloth as an example.
One. The woven fabric of the woven fabric is formed by interlacing warp and weft yarns on a loom. During the weaving process, longitudinal and transverse friction and bending occur repeatedly between warp and warp yarns, between warp and weft yarns, between warp yarns and various objects on the loom. In order to make the yarn have sufficient strength, wear resistance and elasticity, it is ensured that the yarn will not break due to the above-mentioned various destructive forces during the weaving process; in order to reduce the defects of the yarn and improve the smoothness, to ensure the weaving Production efficiency, obtaining excellent products; in order to increase the length of the package of the yarn, and facilitate continuous production, the warp and weft yarns must be prepared before weaving to improve the process performance of the warp and weft yarns.
1. The winding process is carried out on a winder. Its task is to connect the spun yarns obtained in the spinning process, in the process, to obtain appropriate and uniform tension of the yarn; to check and remove the coarse details such as the yarn on the yarn according to the specified requirements. , impurities and dust, forming a small and firm knot during the cleaning process; winding into a package with uniform density, sufficient capacity, good shape and easy to decompose.
2. Warping is carried out on warping machines. The task of the warping process is to draw a piece of yarn from the bobbin on the rear creel of the warping machine according to the number of warp yarns specified in the process design, and to ensure the yarn root and the length according to the length and width specified by the design. The tension between the roots, between the sheets and between the sheets and the front and back is uniform, and if appropriate, the yarn sheets are wound in parallel into a well-formed warp beam.
3. The sizing sizing is a key process in the preparation of the weaving machine and is carried out on a sizing machine. The task of the sizing process is mainly to improve the weavability of the yarn, and at the same time, the sizing yarn is wound into a well-formed woven shaft under uniform tension, uniform alignment and uniform winding density. Improve the yarn weavability, mainly in three aspects: First, enhance - through the sizing, a slurry penetrates into the inside of the yarn, reducing the possibility of slippage between the fibers inside the yarn, thereby increasing The strength of the yarn increases the ability to withstand tensile and impact loads. The second is the preservation and extension - in the process of sizing and drying, the elasticity and elongation of the yarn are maintained, and the yarn breakage during weaving is not increased due to brittleness and rigidity. The third is to reduce friction - in the sizing, a part of the slurry is applied to the surface of the yarn to form a slurry film, and the hair on the surface of the yarn is attached to the yarn strip to reduce the yarn and the yarn. The coefficient of friction between the parts increases the resistance of the yarn to friction.
4. Piercing or knotting This is the last step in the preparation of warp yarns. The task of this process is to pass the yarn drawn from the weaving shaft through the dropper, heald eye and steel caries according to the requirements of the designed fabric, so as to open the shed when weaving. , incorporating weft yarn, woven into a fabric with a certain extent and warp. The traditional method of piercing is done by hand and by means of semi-automatic machinery. When the batch size of the produced products is large, the automatic warp knitting machine can be used to automatically connect the warp yarns on the new and old weaving shafts one by one to complete the threading work.
5. The weft rolling weft is the weft preparation step before weaving. The main task is to re-wrap the weft bobbin that has changed the shape of the package, to rewind it on the weft knitting machine, to meet the requirements of weaving, to have suitable density and good shape, uniform tension, easy to retreat, and to meet the requirements of the package, At the same time, part of the yarn defect is removed to change the quality of the weft yarn.
During the weaving process, when the weft tension is too small and the weft twist is large, or due to the strong weft repulsion, weft and looping may occur. In order to reduce or prevent the occurrence of the above-mentioned defects, in addition to reducing the weft yarn twist and increasing the weft yarn retraction tension, it is often used to fix the weft yarn by means of wetting and heating.
three. The weaving of the woven fabric is carried out by weaving the warp yarns and weft yarns prepared before weaving, and weaving them on the loom to form a fabric. There are many varieties and specifications of weaving machines. According to the opening mechanism of the loom, it can be divided into three types: a tread (cam) loom, a multi-arm loom and a jacquard loom. The tread weave is generally used for weaving simple weaves such as plain weaves and twill weaves. The multi-arm weaving machine can be used to weave small-patterned fabrics with slightly complicated patterns, while the jacquard weaving machine can weave complex large-pattern fabrics.
According to the number of shuttle boxes on the loom, it can be divided into a single shuttle box (there are two shuttle boxes on each of the loom), a loom and a multi-shuttle box (one or more shuttle boxes on one side or both sides of the loom). The former can only be used to weave monochromatic fabrics, and the latter can be used to weave floral fabrics.
According to different weft insertion methods, weaving machines can be divided into two types: shuttle looms and shuttleless looms. The former relies on the shuttle to wear the weft thread, while the latter removes the shuttle. Among them, the rapier loom by the sword-shaped rod for weft insertion, the air jet loom by the jet airflow for weft insertion, the water jet loom by the jet water flow for weft insertion, and the weft insertion machine by the sheet-shaped shuttle clip The weaving machine weaving machine. There are also new types of weaving machines that use other methods to weft. Shuttleless looms are being promoted in China and around the world at a relatively fast speed.
Regardless of the type of weaving machine, the interlacing of the warp and weft yarns is generally completed by the organic cooperation of the five major movements such as opening, weft insertion, beating, warp, and take-up, and other auxiliary movements.
1. Opening movement According to the requirements of the designed fabric structure, the heald frame is lifted in a certain law to form a shed, which facilitates the weft insertion between the sheds.
2. Weft insertion movement There are shuttle boxes on both sides of the shuttle loom for the shuttle to stay. Under the action of the picking mechanism on both sides, the shuttle enters and passes through the shed in a specified time, and the retracted weft yarn is introduced into the shed, and then stays in the opposite shuttle box for the next weft insertion.
3. The beating movement is driven by the loom, and the beating mechanism presses the introduced weft yarn against the weaving opening to complete the interlacing with the warp yarn.
4. The task of the warp movement is to continue the weaving of the weaving shaft with a certain amount of warp yarns and maintain a certain tension of the warp yarns.
5. The reeling movement is carried out with the weaving process, and the formed fabric is taken away from the interlaced area in time and wound on the cloth roll so that the weft density meets the weaving requirements.
In addition to the above five major sports, there are auxiliary movements controlled by auxiliary mechanisms such as self-stopping, self-stopping, and weft feeding (swapping).
three. The finishing process of woven fabric is the last process of woven fabric production, which usually includes the steps of fabric inspection, folding, grading, scouring, and wrapping.
1. The cloth inspection is carried out by the fabric inspection machine on the inspection machine. The task of fabric inspection is to inspect the various yarn crepe and woven enamel on the surface of the fabric, and to score and mark and minor repair work according to the standard, and timely feedback on the major rickets found.
2. The basic task of the folding and folding process is to fold the inspected fabric into a piece according to the specified folding width. At the same time, record the length of the cloth, stamp it, and push it according to the variety and category.
3. The main task of grading this process is to calibrate the fabric according to the relevant standards and to grasp the scope of repairing, weaving and washing.
4. The main task of repairing, weaving and washing this process is to repair, sculpt and wash the rickets that have been lowered, but have not been affected by quality, labor and labor after repairing, weaving and washing, according to the prescribed scope. To improve the quality of the fabric and increase the value of use.
5. The main task of the package-packing process is to package the cloths that have been woven and woven according to the relevant packaging standards and methods, according to the requirements of internal and external sales, and to make the packaging marks according to the regulations.
The production process of the natural cotton fabric is briefly described above. The preparation of the woven fabric is more complicated than the swatch cloth. The warp and weft yarns are generally subjected to pre-processing such as scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing, drying, etc., before the weaving preparation is similar to the natural cotton cloth. After the fabric is woven, the finishing process is generally more complicated than the natural cotton. Wool fabric weaving process, except for the light and thin single warp products in the worsted wool fabric and the low special (high branch) products in the woollen fabric, the general wool fabric does not undergo the sizing process, but the warp yarn is warped. An oiled, waxed or synthetic slurry that is designed to increase the smoothness of the warp surface and reduce friction during weaving to reduce breakage and weaving. After the fabric is taken out of the machine, it must pass the most (quantity and amplitude), weighing and inspection, and then the blank is determined according to the standard, and then the defects are repaired according to the regulations, the stains are washed, the yarn ends, the floating hair Clean up with debris. Finally packaged into the library. The pre-woven preparation of silk fabrics is quite different for flat warp weft fabrics, crepe weft fabrics, and clinker fabrics and their different varieties. For the warp and weft of the silk flat warp weft fabric, there is generally an impregnation process before the filament, the main purpose is to uniformly soften the sericin, so that the silk body is soft and smooth, and the friction is reduced. The rest of the process is similar to the preparation process of the natural cotton cloth. For the preparation of the warp and weft of the viscose flat warp weft fabric, starting from warping and weft winding, no other preliminary preparations are arranged. For the warp and weft yarns of the warp-twisted fabric, the process of adding silk, twisting, shaping, and rewinding after immersion and winding is not required, and the warp yarn process is not required. For the warp and weft yarn of the cooked fabric, after the shaping process prepared by the warp and weft of the weft-weaving fabric, the process of twisting, dyeing, picking, re-coupling, etc. is carried out, and then warping is performed separately. Weaving the knot and weft, and finally weaving. There is also no need for a sizing. After the fabric is woven, the finishing process is similar to the above-mentioned natural cotton cloth, and the processes such as code silk, inspection, silk repair, darning, blank silk embroidery, silk, blank splitting, and warehousing are carried out.
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