Understanding Frame Pipe - The Aluminum Alloy
[Alcoa.com] The bicycle frame often mentioned by riders and the words frequently raised, soft, hard, rigid, and lack of weight... are not what most people can't feel. Because most riders are not professional players or material experts. More often than not, you can often change rides, but most people will be confused, the same is the frame, why some worth a few hundred dollars, and some worth a few thousand dollars, or even more than ten thousand, in addition to brand factors in addition to what factors are there?
The pipe materials used to make bicycles are usually composed of four main materials: aluminum alloy, steel, titanium, and carbon fiber. Commonly used are aluminum alloy materials and steel alloys. It should be noted here that pure aluminum and pure steel are not suitable for the manufacture of frame. Because the hardness is too soft, the aluminum and steel of the frame are usually called alloy materials. The carbon fiber is also a kind of lightweight material. The more choices are made by professional athletes. According to the International Bicycle Federation, the driver’s car weight must not be less than 6.8 kilograms. Therefore, using carbon fiber to control the weight of the bicycle above the red line of 6.8 kilograms is a good choice. Titanium is not the preferred material because of its complicated production process and difficult welding. With the popularity of cycling, titanium is gradually accepted by some riders.
As a widely used and relatively popular aluminum alloy, it is still a front choice for riders. Therefore, some introductions on aluminum alloys are made here.
The classification and application fields of aluminum alloys are usually divided by numbers. There are 9 series from 1 to 9 series. The naming is named after four-digit Arabic numerals, such as 1050 in 1 series, and often mentioned by riders. To 6061, from the material point of view, each line has a different purpose. 1 is pure aluminum, aluminum content is more than 99%, because it does not contain other materials, of course, the price is also cheap. 2 Series aluminum alloy added 3% -5% copper, relative to the hardness of the 1 series increase, and has a certain degree of extension, commonly used in aviation, etc., the material used in the aircraft skin is 2 series aluminum, and 3 series aluminum The alloy is added with a small amount of manganese, which has a good formability and is often used for processing food troughs, large storage tanks, etc. 4 Series aluminum alloys have added silicon to increase the heat resistance and can be used in heat-intensive areas such as spark plugs. Since the 5 series, aluminum alloy has been added with 3%-5% magnesium material, and the hardness has been greatly improved, and the degree of elongation is also high. It is often used for making type materials. In China, the 5 series aluminum alloy is also used for many purposes. The process is also more mature.
To the aluminum alloy 6 series, since the addition of silicon, magnesium is added to these two elements, both to increase the hardness. Is a very good forging products, and riders often say 6061 aluminum alloy gold, is a typical product of the 6 series, good strength, strong corrosion resistance. For the 7 series aluminum alloys, some of the 7075 aluminum alloys are added with metal zinc and magnesium. It belongs to cemented carbide, and its wear resistance is further enhanced. However, at present, the 7-series aluminum alloys in China are not very mature and most of them rely on imports.
8 series and 9 series are relatively rare, 8 series are mainly some commonly used aluminum foils, and 9 series are internationally used for spare areas. As a spare number, they are reserved for the future use of aluminum alloys that cannot be attributed to existing categories.
Therefore, it can be known that the main aluminum alloy material used in the bicycle frame is composed of 6 series and 7 series, and the 5 series is also used on a small number of parts.
During the processing of aluminum alloys, they must be made into pipes. The content of trace elements in different pipes is not an international standard. In the production process, the forging process, and the proportion of alloys, each oiling brand has its own tricks in it, and it is not static. of. Here is an example of a bicycle accident. Military fans know that the Japanese Zero fighter in World War II was a comparative fighter. In the early days of World War II, there was almost no rival. The key factor in the success of the Zero-Fighter fighter is that Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. of Japan invented a high-strength alloy aluminum. At that time, it was called 50-wind metal. The strength of the aluminum alloy was even higher than that of steel. Because of this metal, Zero-type design uses a very thin aircraft frame, and dare to drill holes in the above weight, rivet size is also very small, in the case of the fighter can guarantee the strength of the aircraft greatly reduced the weight of the aircraft, thus invincible, if there is no Sumitomo Metal This type of aluminum alloy, zero-type is simply not produced. It can be seen that all aluminum alloy materials, processing techniques, and the number of trace elements and forging processes are secrets of various oil factories, just like the secret recipe of Coca-Cola, ordinary people will never know.
(Photo: Zero-fighter, due to the use of an ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy metal material, in the early period of World War II, almost no opponent)
Most of the finished car or DIY frame we usually purchase is made of 6061 aluminum alloy and 7005 aluminum alloy. Some frame manufacturers will mark on the frame what kind of profile the frame uses.
(The picture shows the frames manufactured by the Mosso brand 7005 profile marked with the word 7005.)
(Lightning M5 frame)
The picture shows the Lightning M5 frame at the five-way frame, indicating that the frame uses five different elements of zinc, silicon, magnesium, copper, and aluminum. Therefore, the frame price of the lightning is also more expensive, and it is also one of the masterpieces of the high-end frame.
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