Secret: Where does Russia's 1000 trillion diamonds come from?
2023-05-11 03:12:50
Russia has always been one of the diamond producing countries. The picture shows the Mir mine in the Russian Republic of Yakutia, one of the largest open-air diamond mines in the world. The new mineral deposits announced this time, both in scope and production, will far exceed the Mir mine (Photo: wiki commons) .jpg)
It’s not too exciting to be so excited. On the 17th of this month, Moscow finally admitted that there is a diamond mine in eastern Siberia with reserves sufficient to reach trillions of carats. The diamond mine, which was discovered in the 1970s, was secretly dusted as a "secret treasure" because at that time Soviet Russia had enough other diamond sources to make a profit. Today, more than 30 years later, it has been able to see the sky and bring directly more than $1,000,000,000,000,000 ($1 trillion) in value assessment! It is conceivable that it will bring about a deep impact on the price of the international gem market. In the face of such a price, even if you do the dream of rewriting the history of the world economy from now on, I am afraid there is nothing wrong with it. Who can't be excited before such explosive information! Want to send a diamond to a beloved sister can be helpless, "Diamonds last forever, one will go bankrupt"? The turn of the last sentence in history may be just around the corner! After all, the trillions of carats of magnitude, evenly distributed, everyone on the planet will have a quota of several hundred carats. Of course, if young people in science want to play more arrogantly, it is impossible to hand over the diamonds alone. The scientific principles behind the diamonds are also necessary to gossip first. For example, I ask you: Why can this kind of thing be in one place? There are so many outputs – just like this big mining area that can be mined for more than 3,000 years, and in most places, people can’t find one. The ultra-deep 'drilling' of the smoldering earth is on the "organic" planet of the earth, and the richness of carbon can be described as a waste of the street. Not to mention the huge carbon reservoir of the biosphere, which is a carbonate system represented by limestone and dolomite in the lithosphere. It is also a group of rocks with important voices. The complexity and complexity of these organic matter and carbonates in the streets are the most simple single-crystal carbons – diamonds. Why are they not easy to see? It turns out that the formation of diamonds requires an extremely high-pressure environment. Although there are many materials, the fire is not enough. Therefore, despite the carbon on the earth, the high-pressure environment is extremely scarce. This conclusion only makes people sigh with sighs - it turns out that the real value is pressure. The subtext of the scarce word is nothing more than "still after all." But where does this high-pressure environment start? The first thing people think of is the depths of the underground. This is completely understandable - in the simple water pressure formula Ps = ÏgH, if you want to increase the pressure, simply increase the depth value. Why not? It is experimentally calculated that the pressure of graphite changes to the phase of the diamond, and then it is not as high as the oil well. Unfortunately, although the ideal is very full, the reality of the skin is also following up - under the earth's conventional geothermal gradient, the graphite-diamond phase change line corresponds to the shallowest depth of 150km. What is the concept of 150km? The following data can explain this problem visually: the exploration wells that humans usually drill for oil are generally within 5km; the deepest record that the mainland ultra-deep drill can reach is 12km; the average thickness of the crust is 17km. The cellar; so good, now put a 150km in front of you, what is this concept? At this depth, you have even crossed the upper mantle lithosphere directly into the sea of ​​magma, the earthly convection ring. This depth is absolutely deteriorating for us to live on the surface of the earth, but fortunately geologists can find some flexible solutions. If human beings don't go on, it doesn't mean they can't go up. After a long time study of geodynamics by geologists and geophysicists, they found those deep-sourced mantle sources (even deep to the core-mantle boundary). Core-Mantle Boundary) will surge up due to the convection of the mantle and eventually invade the surface. The deepest messengers on the earth can bring the treasures that are generated in the fire to the purgatory – and of course the diamonds that people have longed for. At that time, the first-time African explorers discovered such a mantle intrusion in the South Africa with large reserves of diamonds. So, in the interest of the profits, they used the Kimberly to produce this. The intrusive rock is named for a permanent commemoration, and this intrusive body, if you say it, is the diamond mother rock we know, Kimberlite. .jpg)
Diamond crystals in kimberlite. (Photo: open.ac.uk) But on Earth, it is not possible to have deep sputum ups and downs anytime, anywhere. The conditions for the development of the mantle plume are extremely harsh, and the layered differentiation effect of the Earth's elements makes the formation of diamonds worse: although the reserves of carbon are abundant on Earth, they are mainly concentrated in the biosphere and surface of the Earth's surface. In the sedimentary rocks (ie limestone/dolomite), in the mantle where the eyes are all magnesia-iron-silicon, it can be said that even the fraction is not counted. The only way to get some carbon in the mantle is to wait for the oceanic plate to submerge. It is hoped that some oceanic carbonate fragments will be stirred in with the deep and large faults, and the convection in the earth will be dispersed and diluted in the sea of ​​magnesium and iron. in. When the earth of the eternal crystal of the earth and the earth can't help, please ask Heaven again. No, the giant diamond mine discovered in Russia now has nothing to do with the deep dynamics of the earth – it is a gift from outside the world to humans. As mentioned above, the area with the most abundant carbon distribution is the surface. So if you now have a huge source of stress on the surface, are you still not producing large quantities of diamonds? This is why this diamond mine was discovered in a crater that fell to the ground. When the meteorite hits the ground, the huge impulse will produce unimaginable high temperature and high pressure in an instant. The high temperature causes the rock to melt on the spot, splashing in all directions, and the huge impact force is enough to turn the surface into plasticity and form a large pulse of surface waves. At this moment of the "world fusion", the environmental index of the planetary event level is enough to create any visionary material that is absolutely visible to the surface. The carbon-rich surface was cast by a comet to create a treasured diamond. The Siberian “national treasure†discovered today is formed in a crater called “Popogaiâ€. It is one of the seven major craters currently identified on Earth. At the end of the Eocene (about 35 million years ago), a comet slammed directly into the Siberian continent, forming a large meteorite with a diameter of up to 100km. pit. .jpg)
The Popogai crater in Russia, one of the seven largest craters in the world. (Photo: wiki commons) Millions of years have passed, the crater has quietly solidified in the cold winds of the Siberian snowfield, although we can't intuitively imagine how the big impact of the shocking world brought to the surface. The end of the day, but we can still see the vastness of the world from the numbers it brings to today's people - the carbon in the 580 square kilometers of the impact center of the Popogai crater All phases change to form a beautiful diamond. The impact may be a huge graphite mine, so the grain diamonds scattered like a star in the ancient ice sheet of Siberia, since then the history of the earth has been branded this flash of eternal crystal. Of course, to distinguish this impact diamond is not without trace, many Papogai diamonds are believed to be wrapped in a mineral called lonsdaleite. Like diamonds and graphite, blue silk stone is also a carbon allotrope, which is currently found only in the impact of meteorites and meteorites. They have a hexagonal symmetry crystal form, and the pure crystal hardness is 58% higher than that of diamonds – perhaps the source of the press release that “Papogai diamonds are twice as hard as regular gemstonesâ€. However, the blue silk is only a small part of the diamond, and the diamond wrapped in the blue silk is only wrapped in a part of the Papogai diamond. The normal cubic diamond has a Mohs hardness of 10, no. Increase or decrease. .jpg)
The molecular structure of diamond (left) and blue silk (right). (Photo: nature.com)
It’s not too exciting to be so excited. On the 17th of this month, Moscow finally admitted that there is a diamond mine in eastern Siberia with reserves sufficient to reach trillions of carats. The diamond mine, which was discovered in the 1970s, was secretly dusted as a "secret treasure" because at that time Soviet Russia had enough other diamond sources to make a profit. Today, more than 30 years later, it has been able to see the sky and bring directly more than $1,000,000,000,000,000 ($1 trillion) in value assessment! It is conceivable that it will bring about a deep impact on the price of the international gem market. In the face of such a price, even if you do the dream of rewriting the history of the world economy from now on, I am afraid there is nothing wrong with it. Who can't be excited before such explosive information! Want to send a diamond to a beloved sister can be helpless, "Diamonds last forever, one will go bankrupt"? The turn of the last sentence in history may be just around the corner! After all, the trillions of carats of magnitude, evenly distributed, everyone on the planet will have a quota of several hundred carats. Of course, if young people in science want to play more arrogantly, it is impossible to hand over the diamonds alone. The scientific principles behind the diamonds are also necessary to gossip first. For example, I ask you: Why can this kind of thing be in one place? There are so many outputs – just like this big mining area that can be mined for more than 3,000 years, and in most places, people can’t find one. The ultra-deep 'drilling' of the smoldering earth is on the "organic" planet of the earth, and the richness of carbon can be described as a waste of the street. Not to mention the huge carbon reservoir of the biosphere, which is a carbonate system represented by limestone and dolomite in the lithosphere. It is also a group of rocks with important voices. The complexity and complexity of these organic matter and carbonates in the streets are the most simple single-crystal carbons – diamonds. Why are they not easy to see? It turns out that the formation of diamonds requires an extremely high-pressure environment. Although there are many materials, the fire is not enough. Therefore, despite the carbon on the earth, the high-pressure environment is extremely scarce. This conclusion only makes people sigh with sighs - it turns out that the real value is pressure. The subtext of the scarce word is nothing more than "still after all." But where does this high-pressure environment start? The first thing people think of is the depths of the underground. This is completely understandable - in the simple water pressure formula Ps = ÏgH, if you want to increase the pressure, simply increase the depth value. Why not? It is experimentally calculated that the pressure of graphite changes to the phase of the diamond, and then it is not as high as the oil well. Unfortunately, although the ideal is very full, the reality of the skin is also following up - under the earth's conventional geothermal gradient, the graphite-diamond phase change line corresponds to the shallowest depth of 150km. What is the concept of 150km? The following data can explain this problem visually: the exploration wells that humans usually drill for oil are generally within 5km; the deepest record that the mainland ultra-deep drill can reach is 12km; the average thickness of the crust is 17km. The cellar; so good, now put a 150km in front of you, what is this concept? At this depth, you have even crossed the upper mantle lithosphere directly into the sea of ​​magma, the earthly convection ring. This depth is absolutely deteriorating for us to live on the surface of the earth, but fortunately geologists can find some flexible solutions. If human beings don't go on, it doesn't mean they can't go up. After a long time study of geodynamics by geologists and geophysicists, they found those deep-sourced mantle sources (even deep to the core-mantle boundary). Core-Mantle Boundary) will surge up due to the convection of the mantle and eventually invade the surface. The deepest messengers on the earth can bring the treasures that are generated in the fire to the purgatory – and of course the diamonds that people have longed for. At that time, the first-time African explorers discovered such a mantle intrusion in the South Africa with large reserves of diamonds. So, in the interest of the profits, they used the Kimberly to produce this. The intrusive rock is named for a permanent commemoration, and this intrusive body, if you say it, is the diamond mother rock we know, Kimberlite. Diamond crystals in kimberlite. (Photo: open.ac.uk) But on Earth, it is not possible to have deep sputum ups and downs anytime, anywhere. The conditions for the development of the mantle plume are extremely harsh, and the layered differentiation effect of the Earth's elements makes the formation of diamonds worse: although the reserves of carbon are abundant on Earth, they are mainly concentrated in the biosphere and surface of the Earth's surface. In the sedimentary rocks (ie limestone/dolomite), in the mantle where the eyes are all magnesia-iron-silicon, it can be said that even the fraction is not counted. The only way to get some carbon in the mantle is to wait for the oceanic plate to submerge. It is hoped that some oceanic carbonate fragments will be stirred in with the deep and large faults, and the convection in the earth will be dispersed and diluted in the sea of ​​magnesium and iron. in. When the earth of the eternal crystal of the earth and the earth can't help, please ask Heaven again. No, the giant diamond mine discovered in Russia now has nothing to do with the deep dynamics of the earth – it is a gift from outside the world to humans. As mentioned above, the area with the most abundant carbon distribution is the surface. So if you now have a huge source of stress on the surface, are you still not producing large quantities of diamonds? This is why this diamond mine was discovered in a crater that fell to the ground. When the meteorite hits the ground, the huge impulse will produce unimaginable high temperature and high pressure in an instant. The high temperature causes the rock to melt on the spot, splashing in all directions, and the huge impact force is enough to turn the surface into plasticity and form a large pulse of surface waves. At this moment of the "world fusion", the environmental index of the planetary event level is enough to create any visionary material that is absolutely visible to the surface. The carbon-rich surface was cast by a comet to create a treasured diamond. The Siberian “national treasure†discovered today is formed in a crater called “Popogaiâ€. It is one of the seven major craters currently identified on Earth. At the end of the Eocene (about 35 million years ago), a comet slammed directly into the Siberian continent, forming a large meteorite with a diameter of up to 100km. pit. The Popogai crater in Russia, one of the seven largest craters in the world. (Photo: wiki commons) Millions of years have passed, the crater has quietly solidified in the cold winds of the Siberian snowfield, although we can't intuitively imagine how the big impact of the shocking world brought to the surface. The end of the day, but we can still see the vastness of the world from the numbers it brings to today's people - the carbon in the 580 square kilometers of the impact center of the Popogai crater All phases change to form a beautiful diamond. The impact may be a huge graphite mine, so the grain diamonds scattered like a star in the ancient ice sheet of Siberia, since then the history of the earth has been branded this flash of eternal crystal. Of course, to distinguish this impact diamond is not without trace, many Papogai diamonds are believed to be wrapped in a mineral called lonsdaleite. Like diamonds and graphite, blue silk stone is also a carbon allotrope, which is currently found only in the impact of meteorites and meteorites. They have a hexagonal symmetry crystal form, and the pure crystal hardness is 58% higher than that of diamonds – perhaps the source of the press release that “Papogai diamonds are twice as hard as regular gemstonesâ€. However, the blue silk is only a small part of the diamond, and the diamond wrapped in the blue silk is only wrapped in a part of the Papogai diamond. The normal cubic diamond has a Mohs hardness of 10, no. Increase or decrease. The molecular structure of diamond (left) and blue silk (right). (Photo: nature.com)Optical Diffraction Gratings,Optical Grating,Diffraction Grating,Manufacturing Of Ruled Gratings
China Star Optics Technology Co.,Ltd. , https://www.realpoooptics.com