Preparation and application of Bordeaux mixture
2022-08-19 09:03:26
First, the main traits. Bordeaux mixture is the most commonly used agent for controlling fruit leaves and fruit diseases. The finished product is a sky blue, slightly alkaline suspension. It is generally sprayed before fruit disease occurs, mainly for preventive and protective effects. After the liquid is sprayed on the plant body, a white film is formed to protect it from germs. It has strong adhesion, is more resistant to rain and is an excellent protective agent and fungicide. It is also one of the main agents with a wide range of applications and a long history.
Second, the preparation method. A large-area orchard generally has a medicine pool. The medicine pool consists of a large pool and two small pools. The two small pools are located above the large pool, and the water outlets are connected to the large pool at the bottom. When dispensing, plug the water outlets of the two small pools, dilute the copper sulfate with a small pool, and dilute the lime with another small pool, respectively, into the water to be exchanged 1/2 (both copper sulfate and lime need to be opened with a small amount of water, And filter the lime residue). Then, unplug the plug hole, and the two small pools are flushed into the large pool and stirred evenly. If the amount of preparation is small, a large tank, two porcelain basins or barrels can be used. First use two small containers to open copper sulfate and lime. Then each of them holds a container and slowly pours into the large tank of water, and mixes it while stirring. The effect of pouring the dilute copper sulfate solution into the concentrated lime liquid is also good. First dissolve copper sulphate with 2/3 of water, use 1/3 of hydrated lime to form lime milk, then pour copper sulphate into lime milk, and stir constantly to mix the two liquids evenly. The Bordeaux mixture prepared by the method has good quality, strong colloidal properties and is not easy to precipitate. Be careful not to reverse, otherwise it is prone to sedimentation. The ratio of copper sulphate, lime and water in Bordeaux mixture is determined by the sensitivity of different fruit trees to lime and copper at different times. The so-called semi-quantity, equal-volume and multi-quantity Bordeaux mixture refers to the ratio of lime to copper sulfate. The preparation concentrations of 1%, 0.8%, 0.5%, 0.4%, etc., refer to the amount of copper sulfate. For example, a 0.5% strength semi-volume Bordeaux solution is applied, i.e., 1 part of copper sulfate, 0.5 part of lime, and 200 parts of water. That is 1:0.5:200 times Bordeaux mixture. Generally, lime is used in the same amount. When the disease occurs seriously, the lime half amount can be used to enhance the bactericidal effect, and the tree species and varieties susceptible to phytotoxicity are used in the lime multi-type or multi-type.
Third, the application of Bordeaux mixture in the prevention and treatment of fruit tree diseases
1, the use of vines: grape downy mildew spray the first drug before the initial infection of the bacteria, after each half a month spray 1:0.7:200 times Bordeaux mixture, continuous spraying 2-3 times, the disease Effective; grape rust in the early stage of the disease spray 1:0.7:200 times Bordeaux mixture; grape gray mold in the early stage of the disease timely cut off the ear of the disease, and spray half of the 300 times Bordeaux mixture; grape black pox at the beginning of the disease spray 1:0.5 : 250 times Bordeaux mixture; grape black rot sprayed 1:0.7:200 times Bordeaux mixture before flowering, after flowering and fruit growth period to protect the fruit and prevent the onset of leaves and shoots. In the early stage of the disease, grape brown spot disease combines prevention and treatment of black pox and anthrax, and sprays 1:0.7:200 times Bordeaux mixture once every half month, continuously spraying 2-3 times.
2, the use of apple trees: for the early defoliation of apples, spray the same amount of 200 times Bordeaux mixture in the first half of the first half of the disease (from the end of June to the beginning of July), and then spray once every 15-20 days, the effect is very good . However, during the growth period of Jin Shuai and Hongyu, the anti-copper strength is weak and should not be used; apple dry rot is sprayed twice in May-June 2:2:200-240 times Bordeaux mixture; apple anthracnose from young fruit period (about the end of May) Spray 1:2:200 times Bordeaux mixture, then spray once every 10-15 days, spray 3-4 times continuously; apple rust is sprayed 200 times after germination to young fruit Bordeaux mixture; apple scab is sprayed 1:1.5-2:160-200 times Bordeaux mixture in June-July; apple brown rot is sprayed 2-3 times in the onset period (September-October) 1:1:160- 200 times Bordeaux mixture; apple rot rot in the June-July spray 2-3 times the amount of 200 times Bordeaux mixture.
3, the application in pear trees: pear black spot disease, leaf anthracnose, fire blight before the flowering and after the flower spray 1 : 2: 200 times Bordeaux mixture, then spray again every 15-20 days To protect inflorescences, young shoots and leaves; pear rust, brown spot disease spray 1:2:160-200 times Bordeaux mixture in the germination stage, then spray once every 10 days, spray 2-3 times continuously; pear black Spot disease in the late April to early July, spray 1:2:160-200 times Bordeaux mixture, then spray once every 10 days or so, continuous spraying 7-8 times; pear dry blight in the seedling growth period, spray times 200 times more Bordeaux mixture.
4, the use of peaches, plums: the key period of peach leaf disease prevention and control when the buds begin to expand, spray a half-time 150-200 times Bordeaux mixture, the effect is better, if sprayed in winter, then put The concentration is increased to half the amount of 100 times liquid; peach bacterial perforation, spraying the same amount of 200 times Bordeaux mixture in the early spring bud sprouting, spraying the same amount of 200 times Bordeaux mixture at the peak of the disease; plum red spot disease at the end of flowering During the germination of leaf buds, spray multiple times 200 times Bordeaux mixture for prevention.
5, the use of walnut trees: walnut black spot disease before the onset, spray the same amount of 200 times Bordeaux mixture, and then spray once every 15-20 days.
6. Application on citrus trees: citrus canker is sprayed twice before the flowering and after the flowering, and 250 times more Bordeaux mixture; citrus resin disease and scab disease are sprayed once before the spring germination. More Bordeaux mixture.
7. Application on banana trees: Banana scab is sprayed with an equal amount of 200 times Bordeaux mixture on the unsown ears of the sepals and the ears are bagged.
Fourth, the preparation and use of Bordeaux liquid precautions
1. The quicklime used for preparation must be of good quality. Do not use weathered lime. The bulk lime can be stored in a large or plastic bag for storage. If there is no lump lime, it is also possible to filter the lime for construction in the travertine pool, but the surface layer should be removed and the amount should be doubled.
2. The copper sulfate dissolves slowly in cold water. In order to improve the working efficiency, the copper sulfate can be completely dissolved with a small amount of hot water, and then the water is added according to the dosage. Bordeaux liquid should be used with the equipment. It should not be placed for too long. It will change after 24 hours and should not be used.
3. Do not use a metal container to hold the Bordeaux mixture. After the sprayer is used, it should be cleaned in time to avoid corrosion and damage.
4, Bordeaux liquid is a fungicide based on prevention and protection, spray must be even and meticulous.
5, cloudy, when there is dew spray, easy to produce phytotoxicity, it is not appropriate to spray on cloudy days or when there is dew.
6. After the Bordeaux mixture is prepared, soak the polished bud knife in the liquid for 1-2 minutes. After removing the knife, if there is dark brown copper ion on the knife, add some lime water to the liquid. Otherwise it is prone to phytotoxicity.
7. For fruit trees sprayed with stone sulphur mixture, petroleum emulsion or turpentine mixture, it takes 20 days to 1 month to use Bordeaux mixture, otherwise phytotoxicity will occur.
8. Fruit trees that are prone to phytotoxicity should be used with caution. When applying, refer to the sensitivity of the main fruit trees to pesticides. Such as peach, plum, apricot, cherry and other stone fruit trees, the use of Bordeaux liquid in the growing season is prone to phytotoxicity leading to defoliation, the use time and concentration, should be passed through a small area test, and then widely used.
Second, the preparation method. A large-area orchard generally has a medicine pool. The medicine pool consists of a large pool and two small pools. The two small pools are located above the large pool, and the water outlets are connected to the large pool at the bottom. When dispensing, plug the water outlets of the two small pools, dilute the copper sulfate with a small pool, and dilute the lime with another small pool, respectively, into the water to be exchanged 1/2 (both copper sulfate and lime need to be opened with a small amount of water, And filter the lime residue). Then, unplug the plug hole, and the two small pools are flushed into the large pool and stirred evenly. If the amount of preparation is small, a large tank, two porcelain basins or barrels can be used. First use two small containers to open copper sulfate and lime. Then each of them holds a container and slowly pours into the large tank of water, and mixes it while stirring. The effect of pouring the dilute copper sulfate solution into the concentrated lime liquid is also good. First dissolve copper sulphate with 2/3 of water, use 1/3 of hydrated lime to form lime milk, then pour copper sulphate into lime milk, and stir constantly to mix the two liquids evenly. The Bordeaux mixture prepared by the method has good quality, strong colloidal properties and is not easy to precipitate. Be careful not to reverse, otherwise it is prone to sedimentation. The ratio of copper sulphate, lime and water in Bordeaux mixture is determined by the sensitivity of different fruit trees to lime and copper at different times. The so-called semi-quantity, equal-volume and multi-quantity Bordeaux mixture refers to the ratio of lime to copper sulfate. The preparation concentrations of 1%, 0.8%, 0.5%, 0.4%, etc., refer to the amount of copper sulfate. For example, a 0.5% strength semi-volume Bordeaux solution is applied, i.e., 1 part of copper sulfate, 0.5 part of lime, and 200 parts of water. That is 1:0.5:200 times Bordeaux mixture. Generally, lime is used in the same amount. When the disease occurs seriously, the lime half amount can be used to enhance the bactericidal effect, and the tree species and varieties susceptible to phytotoxicity are used in the lime multi-type or multi-type.
Third, the application of Bordeaux mixture in the prevention and treatment of fruit tree diseases
1, the use of vines: grape downy mildew spray the first drug before the initial infection of the bacteria, after each half a month spray 1:0.7:200 times Bordeaux mixture, continuous spraying 2-3 times, the disease Effective; grape rust in the early stage of the disease spray 1:0.7:200 times Bordeaux mixture; grape gray mold in the early stage of the disease timely cut off the ear of the disease, and spray half of the 300 times Bordeaux mixture; grape black pox at the beginning of the disease spray 1:0.5 : 250 times Bordeaux mixture; grape black rot sprayed 1:0.7:200 times Bordeaux mixture before flowering, after flowering and fruit growth period to protect the fruit and prevent the onset of leaves and shoots. In the early stage of the disease, grape brown spot disease combines prevention and treatment of black pox and anthrax, and sprays 1:0.7:200 times Bordeaux mixture once every half month, continuously spraying 2-3 times.
2, the use of apple trees: for the early defoliation of apples, spray the same amount of 200 times Bordeaux mixture in the first half of the first half of the disease (from the end of June to the beginning of July), and then spray once every 15-20 days, the effect is very good . However, during the growth period of Jin Shuai and Hongyu, the anti-copper strength is weak and should not be used; apple dry rot is sprayed twice in May-June 2:2:200-240 times Bordeaux mixture; apple anthracnose from young fruit period (about the end of May) Spray 1:2:200 times Bordeaux mixture, then spray once every 10-15 days, spray 3-4 times continuously; apple rust is sprayed 200 times after germination to young fruit Bordeaux mixture; apple scab is sprayed 1:1.5-2:160-200 times Bordeaux mixture in June-July; apple brown rot is sprayed 2-3 times in the onset period (September-October) 1:1:160- 200 times Bordeaux mixture; apple rot rot in the June-July spray 2-3 times the amount of 200 times Bordeaux mixture.
3, the application in pear trees: pear black spot disease, leaf anthracnose, fire blight before the flowering and after the flower spray 1 : 2: 200 times Bordeaux mixture, then spray again every 15-20 days To protect inflorescences, young shoots and leaves; pear rust, brown spot disease spray 1:2:160-200 times Bordeaux mixture in the germination stage, then spray once every 10 days, spray 2-3 times continuously; pear black Spot disease in the late April to early July, spray 1:2:160-200 times Bordeaux mixture, then spray once every 10 days or so, continuous spraying 7-8 times; pear dry blight in the seedling growth period, spray times 200 times more Bordeaux mixture.
4, the use of peaches, plums: the key period of peach leaf disease prevention and control when the buds begin to expand, spray a half-time 150-200 times Bordeaux mixture, the effect is better, if sprayed in winter, then put The concentration is increased to half the amount of 100 times liquid; peach bacterial perforation, spraying the same amount of 200 times Bordeaux mixture in the early spring bud sprouting, spraying the same amount of 200 times Bordeaux mixture at the peak of the disease; plum red spot disease at the end of flowering During the germination of leaf buds, spray multiple times 200 times Bordeaux mixture for prevention.
5, the use of walnut trees: walnut black spot disease before the onset, spray the same amount of 200 times Bordeaux mixture, and then spray once every 15-20 days.
6. Application on citrus trees: citrus canker is sprayed twice before the flowering and after the flowering, and 250 times more Bordeaux mixture; citrus resin disease and scab disease are sprayed once before the spring germination. More Bordeaux mixture.
7. Application on banana trees: Banana scab is sprayed with an equal amount of 200 times Bordeaux mixture on the unsown ears of the sepals and the ears are bagged.
Fourth, the preparation and use of Bordeaux liquid precautions
1. The quicklime used for preparation must be of good quality. Do not use weathered lime. The bulk lime can be stored in a large or plastic bag for storage. If there is no lump lime, it is also possible to filter the lime for construction in the travertine pool, but the surface layer should be removed and the amount should be doubled.
2. The copper sulfate dissolves slowly in cold water. In order to improve the working efficiency, the copper sulfate can be completely dissolved with a small amount of hot water, and then the water is added according to the dosage. Bordeaux liquid should be used with the equipment. It should not be placed for too long. It will change after 24 hours and should not be used.
3. Do not use a metal container to hold the Bordeaux mixture. After the sprayer is used, it should be cleaned in time to avoid corrosion and damage.
4, Bordeaux liquid is a fungicide based on prevention and protection, spray must be even and meticulous.
5, cloudy, when there is dew spray, easy to produce phytotoxicity, it is not appropriate to spray on cloudy days or when there is dew.
6. After the Bordeaux mixture is prepared, soak the polished bud knife in the liquid for 1-2 minutes. After removing the knife, if there is dark brown copper ion on the knife, add some lime water to the liquid. Otherwise it is prone to phytotoxicity.
7. For fruit trees sprayed with stone sulphur mixture, petroleum emulsion or turpentine mixture, it takes 20 days to 1 month to use Bordeaux mixture, otherwise phytotoxicity will occur.
8. Fruit trees that are prone to phytotoxicity should be used with caution. When applying, refer to the sensitivity of the main fruit trees to pesticides. Such as peach, plum, apricot, cherry and other stone fruit trees, the use of Bordeaux liquid in the growing season is prone to phytotoxicity leading to defoliation, the use time and concentration, should be passed through a small area test, and then widely used.
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