Industrialization of China's geological culture is getting wider and wider
“Geological and cultural industry is an industry that is both wide-ranging and well-founded and has more and more promising. It is both ancient and modern, both deep and popular, and both traditional and sunrise.†Not long ago, the China Geological Survey and the China Geological Library At the "Earth Science-Culture" symposium, the speech entitled "Broad Foundation and Broad Prospects in Geological and Cultural Industries" by Guan Fengjun, Director of the Department of Geo-environmental Affairs of the Ministry of Land and Resources, gave a fresh look to the participants. Guan Fengjun said that when it comes to geological and cultural industries, people will first think of geoparks and mining parks. With the support of national policies, geoparks and mine parks have developed a road for the development of geological and cultural industries with Chinese characteristics, such as protecting geological relics, protecting mineral relics, conforming to the universal rules of the world. Closely linked with the construction of geoparks is the protection of geological relics. Since 2001, China has begun to arrange special funds for the protection of geological relics, and the amount has increased year by year. Nowadays, the gems and jade industry and the ornamental stone industry are already well-known traditional geological and cultural industries; the hot spring industry and the mineral water industry have also developed into a veritable geological and cultural industry; the protection of paleontological fossils has also begun to explore the development of industrialization in recent years. Protection of the road.
Guan Fengjun believes that many of the geo-environmental work are culturally pleasing, and they also have the tendency of industrialization. For example, prevention and control of geological disasters are the most important task in geological environment work. The awareness of prevention and reduction of disasters by the entire society and the general public, the understanding of geological disasters, and the mastery of prevention and control knowledge require constant propaganda, training, and education. Therefore, a broad and deeply rooted cultural atmosphere for disaster prevention and mitigation of geological disasters has been formed. This is a more important and urgent task. The recovery and treatment of the mine geological environment is an area where the country’s investment has been increasing in recent years. From the physical work point of view, this work is to recover the geological environment damage caused by mining in the past, or to transform it better. From the ultimate goal, this work can still be attributed to authentic cultural construction. No matter how it is restored or transformed, it will make the environment better. As for groundwater monitoring, land subsidence control, urban geology, agricultural geology, and tourism geology, it is also quite cultural.
Guan Fengjun said that although China’s geological and cultural industries have developed rapidly and flourishingly, they are mainly “byproducts†of exploration and development of mineral resources and geological environment. They rely mainly on social needs to stimulate industry growth, and market rules actively adapt to national industrial policies. “Our management work has clearly defined itself as a service for the geological exploration industry and serving the mineral resources development industry. However, it has not yet clearly realized that it is also necessary to serve the geological and cultural industries. The geological and cultural industry has a long way to go.
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|
SIZE (inch) |
Weight (PPF) |
length |
Outside Diameter |
Calculated Weight Wpe |
Single weight |
Wall Thichness |
Grade |
ommonly used type buckle |
Upset Ends,for weld on Tool joints
|
|
m |
In mm |
Lb/ft kg/m |
kg/each |
In mm |
|||||
|
2 3/8 |
6.65 |
9.5 |
2.375 60.3 |
6.27 9.33 |
114 |
0.28 7.11 |
E,X,G,S |
NC26 |
EU |
|
2 7/8 |
10.40 |
9.5 |
2.875 73.0 |
9.72 14.47 |
180 |
0.362 9.19 |
E,X,G,S |
NC31 |
EU or IU |
|
3 1/2 |
9.50 |
9.5 |
3.500 88.9 |
8.81 13.12 |
|
0.254 6.45 |
E |
NC38 |
IU or EU |
|
3 1/2 |
13.30 |
9.5 |
3.500 88.9 |
12.32 18.34 |
220 |
0.368 9.35 |
E,X,G,S |
NC38 |
IU or EU |
|
3 1/2 |
15.50 |
9.5 |
3.500 88.9 |
14.64 21.79 |
|
0.499 11.4 |
E |
NC38 |
IU or EU |
|
3 1/2 |
15.50 |
9.5 |
3.500 88.9 |
14.64 21.79 |
|
0.499 11.40 |
X,G,S |
NC38 |
EU or IEU |
|
4 |
14.00 |
9.5 |
4.000 101.6 |
12.95 19.27 |
|
0.330 8.38 |
E,X,G,S |
|
IU or EU |
|
4 1/2 |
13.75 |
9.5 |
4.500 114.3 |
12.25 18.23 |
|
0.271 6.88 |
E |
|
IU or EU |
|
4 1/2 |
16.60 |
9.5 |
4.500 114.3 |
15.00 22.32 |
270 |
0.337 8.56 |
E,X,G,S |
NC46 |
IU or EU |
|
4 1/2 |
20.00 |
9.5 |
4.500 114.3 |
18.71 27.84 |
|
0.430 10.92 |
E,X,G,S |
NC46 |
EU or IU |
|
5 |
16.25 |
9.5 |
5.000 127.0 |
14.88 22.16 |
|
0.296 7.52 |
X,G,S |
|
IU |
|
5 |
19.50 |
9.5 |
5.000 127.0 |
17.95 26.70 |
330 |
0.362 9.19 |
E |
NC50 |
IEU |
|
5 |
19.50 |
9.5 |
5.000 127.0 |
17.95 26.70 |
330 |
0.362 9.19 |
X,G,S |
NC50 |
EU or IU |
|
5 |
25.60 |
9.5 |
5.000 127.0 |
24.05 35.80 |
|
0.500 12.70 |
E |
|
IEU |
|
5 |
25.60 |
9.5 |
5.00 127.0 |
24.05 35.80 |
330 |
0.500 12.70 |
X,G,S |
|
EU or IU |
|
5 1/2 |
21.9 |
9.5 |
5.500 139.7 |
19.83 29.52 |
|
0.361 9.17 |
E,X,G,S |
|
IEU |
|
5 1/2 |
24.70 |
9.5 |
5.500 139.7 |
22.56 33.57 |
|
0.41 10.54 |
E,X,G,S |
|
IEU |
|
6 5/8 |
25.20 |
9.5 |
6.625 168.3 |
22.21 33.04 |
|
0.330 8.38 |
E,X,G,S |
|
IEU |
|
6 5/8 |
27.72 |
9.5 |
6.625 168.3 |
24.24 36.06 |
|
0.362 9.19 |
E,X,G,S |
|
IEU |
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