How to master the principle of winter fertilization of vegetables?
2022-11-16 07:07:05
The main problem of winter vegetable production and fertilization in solar greenhouses is that the demand for nutrients in crops and the low soil temperature lead to slow decomposition of fertilizers. In order to alleviate this contradiction, accelerate the growth and development of winter vegetables, and fertilize vegetables in winter greenhouses. The following principles should be mastered:
1, early application of base fertilizer. The production of winter and spring vegetables in the solar greenhouse should be completed in advance by mid-to-late September. Apply 0.5 to 10,000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer per acre, then deepen 30 centimeters, and apply organic fertilizer to the soil early. When the soil is prepared, the manure will be mixed.
2, clever application of "fixed plant" fertilizer. From late October to mid-November, when the fruit vegetables are planted, diammonium phosphate and urea are applied to each of the two planting ridges to open a ditch of about 15 cm to 20 cm deep. 30 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre, 15 kg to 20 kg of urea, while water is poured into the ditch, and then the soil ditch ridges. When planting the seedlings, a small amount of phosphorus diammonium is applied as a "mouth fertilizer" every two plants, about 40 kg per mu.
3. Promote the use of ammonium sulfate as a top dressing. In winter, topdressing and urea are used. Because of the low soil temperature, the nutrient decomposition of urea is slow, so the fertilizer efficiency is slow. Although the use of ammonium bicarbonate is quick, the ammonia is volatilized in the ammonium carbonate in the closed environment of the greenhouse. Ammonium sulfate can overcome the shortcomings of the above two kinds of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, in winter, topdressing is best for applying 20 kg to 30 kg of ammonium sulfate per acre.
4. It is recommended to apply bio-organic and inorganic compound fertilizer. Bio-organic compound fertilizer contains trace elements that promote nutrient decomposition. It is used as the base fertilizer, the nutrient is comprehensive, the fertility is lasting, and the fertilizer effect is fast; using it as a top dressing, not only the fertilizer effect is fast, but also the fertilized organic fertilizer, so it is an ideal compound fertilizer for the vegetable field soil. 120 kg per mu is used as the base fertilizer. When the vegetables are planted, they are applied or ditched; 40 kg per mu is used as top dressing, shallow ditch is applied, and the soil is filled after burying.
5, the method of topdressing: winter topdressing, the fertilizer should be dissolved in the water before, and then combined with irrigation, the fertilizer water into the irrigation ditch. Generally, every time the water is cleaned, the fertilizer water is poured once.
6, after the harsh winter, heavy topdressing. Low temperature, low light, and slow vegetable production in winter. In order to make up for the consumption of crops during the winter season, lay the foundation for the increase of production after the spring, the winter and spring hazelnuts, especially the winter and spring melons, should be topdressed once from the end of January to the beginning of February. Use 1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per acre and add 20 kg to 30 kg of diammonium phosphate. After the shallow ditch is applied, the soil is buried. At this time, it is also recommended to use 4 kg to 6 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre, and the soil is topdressed with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer with irrigation.
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