Common misunderstandings of fertilizer application

Greenhouse vegetables are a high-input, high-output production method in a specific environment. Different fertilization methods not only affect the utilization rate of fertilizer, but also affect the economic benefits of production.

I. Misunderstandings in current fertilizer application

1. Organic fertilizer drying: Human manure and chicken manure have become the main base fertilizers for vegetables in greenhouses. However, for the convenience of application, vegetable farmers often leave manure and chicken manure in the fields to dry and lose water. This practice causes the maggots to multiply, the nitrogen volatilizes, and the nitrogen nutrients of the fertilizer are lost.

2. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are used as basic fertilizers on alkaline soil: Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are weakly acidic fertilizers, which are insoluble in water. Under weak acid conditions, they can be gradually converted into water-soluble phosphates, which are absorbed by crop roots and applied on alkaline soils. Can not solve the urgent need for phosphorus in crop seedlings, easy to cause physiological phosphorus deficiency.

3. The superphosphate is applied as a top dressing: the mobility of phosphorus in the soil is small, and the movement range is between 1-3 cm. Therefore, it is difficult to transfer the crop to the rhizosphere of the crop, so it does not play a role in supplementing the phosphorus in the crop.

4. Immediately after urea application, watering: Urea is an amide ammonia fertilizer, soluble in water. After being applied to the soil, it must be decomposed to be converted into ammonium bicarbonate. It is absorbed and utilized by the crop. Immediately after the application, it is watered. Water loss, reducing fertilizer efficiency.

5, ammonium bicarbonate with water: This method often causes more fertilizer in the water inlet, crop growth is different, difficult to manage, and the shed temperature rises in the afternoon, ammonia gas escapes from the soil, smoldering the lower leaves of the crop, resulting in Fat damage.

Second, the main method to improve fertilizer efficiency

1. Organic fertilizer piled up and cooked as base fertilizer: In the late July, according to the manure, 4000 kg of human waste, plus 100 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, 400 kg of crushed wheat straw (ç³ ), mixed into a braided shape, covered with a worn plastic film Or use the grass mud to rigorously stack for 30 days, which is a high-quality organic fertilizer used in the greenhouse as a base fertilizer.

2. The concentrated application of superphosphate is used as the base fertilizer: open the 8 cm deep ditch in the transplanting plant, cover the soil with 4-5 cm after the phosphorus fertilizer, and then transplant the crop in the shallow ditch to shorten the distance between the phosphate fertilizer and the crop root to make up the phosphorus. A small weakness in mobility.

3. Early application of urea, deep application and root application: According to the demand for fertilizer and water in the crop development stage, early application and deep application, the utilization rate is increased by 28% compared with shallow application. The temperature of the shed is 7 days ahead of 15-20 °C, the shed temperature is 5 days ahead of 20-25 °C, and the 8-10 cm ditch is opened during the application. After the application, the soil is tightly covered, and the crops with large spacing can be used. Deep application. According to the shed temperature, watering for 5-7 days, so that it has enough time in the soil to fully ammoniaize, so as to facilitate the absorption and utilization of crops. During the growth of the crop, the leaf surface can be sprayed with 0.3% urea solution once every 7 days, 100 kg per acre, for 2-3 times.

4. Deep application of ammonium bicarbonate: Ammonium bicarbonate is an ideal quick-acting fertilizer for the production of winter warm greenhouse vegetables. It is rarely volatilized at 20 °C. After being applied to the soil, it can be dissociated into ammonium ions and adsorbed by the soil, then slowly released. For the roots of the crops to be absorbed, even under the soil temperature of 5 °C, the conversion can be absorbed and utilized by the crops. When topdressing, open a 10 cm deep ditch 8-10 cm away from the roots of the crop. After spreading the soil, the soil cover is tight, which can increase the utilization rate by 10-30%, 10% higher than the shallow application, and 7.8% higher than the water application.

From:Hebei Peasant

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