Brief description of copper casting method

Casting is carried out on a casting machine. Currently, there are two types of casting machines, a disc casting machine and a linear casting machine.

The disc casting machine is the main casting equipment used in large-scale copper production plants. The linear casting machine has simple structure, compact structure, small floor space and low investment, but the anode quality is relatively poor. It is only used in small copper or copper production plants. .

The linear casting machine is a driving conveyor which is composed of a transmission mechanism, a traction chain plate (traction member), a formwork trolley (load bearing member), a rail (supporting device), and a bearing tensioning device.

When the linear casting machine is working, the transmission mechanism is driven by the driving motor through the friction clutch, the reduction gear box and the coupling with the safety screw, and the driving five-corner wheel mounted on the main shaft drives the chain member of the traction member to move. The frame car is mounted on the chain plate, and the frame car equipped with the anode die runs on the rail fixed on the foundation to operate the casting machine.

The disc casting machine is composed of a transmission mechanism, a disc frame, a support base, an anode mold, a top plate device and a steam exhaust system, and has a central gear transmission and a sheave mechanism according to the transmission mode, regardless of a linear casting machine or a disc casting machine. Quantitative casting is now being implemented. The copper liquid is injected into the anode mold by the weighing device, and the weight error of each anode plate can be controlled to be less than 3%.

When casting, it is extremely important to strictly control the temperature of the copper liquid and the mold. The temperature of the cast copper liquid is usually only 20 to 30 ° C higher than the melting point of copper, that is, 1100 to 1140 ° C. Because of the low temperature, less gas is dissolved in the copper liquid. The resulting anode plate is dense. At the same time, the low-temperature copper water mold can solidify the whole copper ingot at the same time, thereby obtaining a fine-grained copper anode plate. The copper water temperature is high, which not only increases the fuel consumption, increases the gas dissolution, causes the anode plate to have pores, but also facilitates the mold. The coating on the surface deteriorates and falls off, so that the sticking phenomenon occurs, and the mold is overheated to shorten the service life. However, the temperature of the copper water is too low and the activity is poor. When it is serious, it cannot continue to produce copper. The mold temperature is often controlled at 120 ~ 140 °C. The mold temperature is high, and the honeycomb hot air hole at the bottom of the anode plate is easily generated. The mold temperature is low, the cold gas hole is generated at the bottom, and even the explosion is caused.

In order to facilitate the stripping, the coating is applied to the casting mold once every casting, and generally graphite powder or ashes is used as the coating.

The anode plate mold is generally made of fine copper.

After the copper solution is cast into an anode plate, it must be cooled. The cooling process is also very important. If water cooling is used, improper cooling will produce two kinds of bending phenomena. If the cooling water of the bottom mold is too large, the copper liquid on both sides of the mold frame will shrink first, leading to the lower side of the anode plate, and the two sides will be upwards. If the surface is sprayed with water, If it is too large, the middle will be convex upwards and the sides will collapse.

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