Dalian Institute of Chemical Technology and others use imidazole-based ionic liquids to improve the efficiency of perovskite batteries
Recently, the team of Liu Shengzhong, a researcher of the thin-film solar cell research group of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yang Dong, a researcher of Shaanxi Normal University, have used imidazole-based ionic liquids to passivate the surface of perovskite and improve the charge transport of perovskite films. A high-efficiency perovskite battery is prepared.
As the core component of the perovskite battery, the perovskite film is the key to the battery performance and stability. It is generally prepared by volatilizing the solvent from the precursor solution. During the preparation process, the perovskite film is prone to defects in the grain boundaries and surface of its crystallization, which causes the perovskite to be easily decomposed and produce non-radiative recombination, which seriously affects the performance of the perovskite battery. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a technology that can produce high-efficiency perovskite batteries with fewer defects. At present, surface passivation is considered to be one of the most effective methods to reduce defects due to its easy application.
The research team used 1,3-dimethyl-3-imidazole hexafluorophosphate (DMIMPF6) ionic liquid to passivate the surface of the perovskite and lower the energy barrier between the perovskite and the hole transport layer. Theoretical calculations and experimental results show that the combination of [DMIM]+ and Pb2+ on the surface of the perovskite can effectively passivate Pb-I anti-site defects, thereby significantly inhibiting non-radiative recombination, and increasing the efficiency of the perovskite cell from 21.09% to 23.25%. The study also found that [BMIM]+cations and [BF4]-anions in ionic liquids both play a positive role in improving the performance of solar cells. The study further confirmed that ionic liquid doping technology can enhance the performance of perovskite batteries.
Related results were published in "Angewandte International Edition Chemie". The research work is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Key Research Project, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Pilot Project (Class A) "Near Space Science Experimental System", the National University Research Fund, the Disciplinary Innovation and Talent Introduction Program of Higher Education Institutions, and the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
As one of the most important components of the kitchen, the sink is more than just a basin you use to clean your dishes, it`s often a focal point of the room itself. And being a focal point of the [heart of your home," it`s always a good idea to choose a sink that complements your unique style and decor of your home.
Also known as an apron sink, a farmhouse-style sink features a deep basin and an exposed front that sits flush with your cabinets and countertops. With a touch of country charm, this type of sink offers a number of functional benefits that make it a great choice for many kitchens.
Here are some of the most prevelant benefits you can expect from a farm style sink.
The additional width and depth of these sinks allows plenty of room for soaking dishes, large pots and pans, and other hard-to-clean items, such as grill grates, stock pots, and baking sheets. Because apron sinks are located in a forward orientation relative to the countertops and cabinets, it's also easier to lift heavier items in and out of the sink.
Typically, a farmhouse sink won`t include pre-drilled holes for a faucet. While this may seem like a bad thing on the surface, this actually provides homeowners with a bit more flexibility in choosing the best faucet for their needs.
In most cases, the faucet will be installed on the countertop directly behind the sink, but this gives you the option to install the faucet wherever works best for your kitchen. Or, perhaps you love the faucet you currently own, and just want to upgrade the sink.
Let`s be honest here. The "look" of a farmhouse sink is probably one of the driving factors as to why you`re interested in owning one. The extra capacity is just an added convenience. But, there`s no denying that it creates a natural focal point in an area of your home where you spent quite a bit of time.
As you can see from the list above, farmhouse sinks are available in a wide variety of materials, colors and finishes. This makes it incredibly easy to find one that complements the style of your kitchen, and blend right into the cabinetry and other appliances in this space.
The Pros:
Extra Capacity:
More Versatility:
Alluring Appearance:
Lots of Options to Choose From:
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