Application of Acrel-6000/B Electrical Fire Monitoring System in Shanghai 118 Square Project
2023-09-21 10:08:47
This paper introduces the application of Ankerui Acrel-6000/B electrical fire monitoring system in Shanghai 118 Square project, analyzes relevant national standards and design specifications, and outlines the specific structure and superiority of electrical fire monitoring system in electrical fire prevention. .
Yang Junjun (Ankerui Electric Co., Ltd. Shanghai Jiading)
0 Preface
In the past ten years of fire accidents, electrical fires ranked first, and the average number of occurrences accounted for 27% of the total number of fires per year, accounting for 80% of the total number of major fires, and the loss accounted for 53% of the total fire damage. In developed countries, the number of electrical fires per year accounts for 8% to 13% of the total number of fires. In fact, electrical fires have become the main cause of fire safety, not only in many times, but also in large losses, and have remained high for many years. In order to protect the safety of people's lives and property, early prevention and timely elimination of electrical fire safety hazards have become effective measures for the prevention of electrical fires. The prevention of electrical fires is mainly through detecting the leakage current of the line and the real-time value of its line temperature. Alarms and other measures to remind managers to troubleshoot in time.
Electrical fire prevention in shopping center places mainly has the following aspects:
(1) Electrical fires generally start in electrical cabinets, cable trays, etc. When the fire spreads to the surface of equipment and cables, a large fire has formed. At this time, the fire is often not easily controlled, so prevention is very important.
(2) The storefronts of shopping malls are densely distributed, and the intensity of personnel is high during the period. If a fire breaks out, evacuation of personnel is difficult and it is likely to cause casualties.
(3) There are many kinds of goods in shopping malls, and the fire will bring greater economic losses to the merchants.
The Acrylic-Acrel-6000/B electrical fire monitoring system independently developed by Ankerui Electric Co., Ltd. can monitor the leakage current and other parameters of each important circuit in real time to prevent electrical fires. The background of the system displays the data of each detection point, and also provides functions such as over-limit sound and light alarm and humanized interface. The system realizes 24-hour unattended real-time monitoring of the power distribution system, reduces labor costs, and improves the elimination efficiency of electrical fire hazards.
This paper briefly introduces the practical application of the Acry-6000/B electrical fire system and its practical significance in the application of the electrical fire system in the Shanghai 118 Square project.
1 Project Overview
Shanghai 118 Plaza is an open shopping mall integrating high-star hotels, office buildings, department stores, hypermarkets, restaurants, restaurants and entertainment venues.
This project is mainly to design an electrical fire monitoring system for the incoming circuit of the distribution cabinets on all floors of Shanghai 118 Square. Through the real-time monitoring of the incoming loops, the prevention and timely investigation of electrical fire faults can be realized. The design scope is mainly the floor distribution box incoming circuit of Shanghai 118 Plaza.
For the characteristics of this project, the ARCM series residual current type electrical fire monitoring detector developed by Ankerui is installed in the incoming circuit of the floor distribution cabinet. The electrical fire monitoring system shall monitor the residual current value of the important circuit and the real-time temperature of the tank circuit in real time. The monitored data will be transmitted to the background host in real time. When the residual current value exceeds the limit and the temperature exceeds the limit, the background can perform sound and light alarm. The background can be linked to the fire alarm system.
2 reference standard
In view of the fires in public buildings such as shopping centers, it is easy to cause the loss of people's lives and property. In order to improve the awareness of management personnel's electrical fire monitoring and prevention, reduce fire accidents caused by electrical fire failures. In recent years, the state has successively formulated or revised a number of relevant standards and norms. The relevant standard specifications have put forward specific requirements for the electrical fire monitoring system. The design standards for the design of the Acrylic-Acrel-6000/B electrical fire system selected in this project are as follows:
(1). GB50045-95 (2005 edition) "Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings", which stipulates in Article 9.5.1 that a fire alarm system should be installed in places with high fire risk and dense personnel in high-rise buildings.
(2). The relevant provisions of the national standard "Building electrical fire prevention requirements and testing methods" also clearly require that "the residual current action protector that automatically cuts off the power or alarm should be set at the power incoming end."
(3). The products of the electrical fire monitoring system shall meet: GB14287.1-2005 "Electrical Fire Monitoring Equipment", GB14287.2-2005 "Residual Current Electric Fire Monitoring Detector", GB14287.3-2005 "Measurement Temperature Electric Fire Monitoring and Detection" 》
(4). The installation and operation of the electrical fire monitoring system shall meet the requirements of GB13955-2005 "Installation and operation of residual current action protection device"
(5). The power supply of the electrical fire monitoring system shall meet the requirements of GB50052 "Design Specifications for Power Supply and Distribution Systems"
(6). The design of the electrical fire monitoring system shall meet the requirements of the Design Method of Electrical Fire Monitoring System (Interim Provisions)
3 system architecture and design
Electrical fire monitoring system topology
1) Station management
The management of the station control management system for the electrical fire monitoring system is the direct window of human-computer interaction and the uppermost part of the system. The Encore Electric Fire Monitoring System mainframe fully takes into account the user's operating habits and continuous and stable operation, with reference to the corresponding national standards and specifications. The host computer is mainly composed of monitoring software, touch screen, UPS power supply, printer and other equipment. The various types of data information on the site are calculated, analyzed, and processed, and reacted to the terminal management personnel in the form of graphics, digital display, sound, and indicator lights. Enables managers to grasp system dynamics in real time, and realizes functions such as fault information can be traced and information can be exported.
In view of the instrument point and the amount of data in this project, the Acrylic-Acrel-6000/B host is now configured for the project. The specific parameters of this host are described below.
2) Network communication layer
All instruments in this project must be connected in strict accordance with the hand, and all communication buses must be laid along the weak bridge. The instrument of this project is distributed in the electrical fire monitoring and detection between the floors of the strong electricity.
The data bus of this project is designed as two buses. The independent bus facilitates the maintenance of the later system. When a leakage current alarm occurs, the fault circuit can be quickly located according to the checklist provided by us in the later stage to quickly eliminate the fault.
The on-site electrical fire detectors are connected by hand in a twisted pair (ZR-RVSP2*1.0), and the number of meters per bus is about 20.
3) Field device layer
In this project, the Ankerui embedded electrical fire detector is installed for the incoming circuit of the floor distribution box. The embedded electric fire detector monitors the leakage current of the distribution circuit in real time to display the working status of the entire distribution system. .
The ARCM series residual current type electrical fire monitoring detector is designed for TT and TN systems below 0.4kV. It monitors and manages the fire risk parameters such as residual current, wire temperature, over current and over voltage of the distribution circuit. Thereby preventing the occurrence of electrical fires and real-time monitoring of various power parameters, providing accurate data for energy management. The product adopts advanced microcontroller technology, with high integration, small size, convenient installation, intelligent, digital and networked. It is an ideal choice for building electrical fire prevention monitoring and system insulation aging prediction. The product complies with the standard requirements of GB14287.2-2005 "Electrical Fire Monitoring System Part 2: Residual Current Electrical Fire Monitoring Detector".
4 system characteristics and working principle
In view of the scale of the project, the actual situation of the project electrical fire detection points. Whether in the terminal residual current detector or the background host is designed according to the actual situation of the project.
The system characteristics of this project can be summarized as follows:
(1). The terminal detector uses embedded electrical fire detector to facilitate installation, save cost and facilitate post-maintenance.
(2). RS485 bus connection is convenient and operability is strong. When the bus is routed, it is a weak bridge, which is not affected by strong electricity, ensuring stable communication of the entire system.
(3). Consider the amount of instrument data in this project, customer requirements. The host of this project is wall-mounted. The wall-mounted host has a simple interface and is easy to operate. It is suitable for the distribution room environment and customer related operation requirements in this project.
How electric fire systems work
(1). The residual current measurement is based on Kirchhoff's current law: at the same time, the sum of the current vectors flowing into and out of a node in the circuit is zero. Taking the TN-S system as an example, A/B/C/N is simultaneously passed through the residual current transformer. When there is no leakage in the system, the current vector sum of the residual current transformer flowing into and out is zero. At this time, the residual current The secondary current induced by the transformer is also 0; when a relatively large earth leakage occurs, the current vector sum of the current transformer flowing into and out of the residual current is no longer zero, and its magnitude is equal to the current flowing from the earth, that is, the leakage current. The leakage signal is transmitted to the electrical fire detector through the secondary wiring of the residual current transformer, and is sent to the CPU after operation amplification, A/D conversion, and after a series of algorithms, the amplitude of the change is analyzed and judged, and The alarm set value is compared. If the set value is exceeded, an audible and visual alarm signal is sent and sent to the background electrical fire monitoring device.
(2) The terminal detector is responsible for monitoring the residual current value of each loop and transmitting the data of the residual current value to the system host. The terminal detector is also responsible for the real-time display of the residual current value of the monitoring circuit, and can set the limit value. When the residual current value exceeds the limit, it can emit an audible and visual alarm to remind the management personnel to maintain and rectify in time.
(3). The instrument transmits data to the system host through the RS485 bus. The system host reflects the running status of the entire system through the form of graphs, reports, event records, and the like.
5 System design considerations and methods
5.1 Electrical fire monitoring system mainly monitors two types of objects, residual current and temperature, and should pay attention to the basic points in design.
(1) About residual current
Since the principle of residual current monitoring uses Kirchhoff's current law, there are certain requirements for the form of the low-voltage power distribution system to be applied. At present, low-voltage power distribution systems that can apply residual current transformers are: TT system, IT system, TN-S system, and cannot be used in TN-C system. For users who will design and install an electrical fire monitoring system, whether it is a new project or an old engineering project, first check the system grounding form of the user's low-voltage power distribution system. Otherwise, design and install the residual current transformer. Detection is simply not possible.
Regarding the AC220V single-phase power supply system, the residual current transformer only needs to cover the L/N power lines, but the neutral line N is not allowed to be grounded again. For the AC380V three-phase power supply system, due to the three-phase three-wire system, three-phase four-wire system, three-phase five-wire system, etc., the residual current transformer is simultaneously sheathed to the A/B/C three-phase power line according to the specific situation. Or cover the A/B/C/N line at the same time. Similarly, the neutral line N is not allowed to be grounded again, and the protection line PE must not pass through the transformer.
When the system grounding type is TN-C type, the industrial automation network must be converted into a TN-S type, TN-CS type or partial TT type system before the residual current detecting device can be installed.
(2) About temperature
Temperature measurement has nothing to do with the form of system grounding. It mainly considers the temperature of key parts of low-voltage power distribution equipment including cables, and is generally applied in secondary protection lines. The temperature probe Pt100 can adopt the contact arrangement method. When the object to be detected is an insulator, the temperature sensor of the detector should be directly disposed on the surface of the object to be detected. When the object to be tested is the temperature change inside the power distribution cabinet, a non-contact arrangement can be adopted, which is close to the heat generating component.
5.2 Point allocation in system design
According to the national standard GB13955-2005 "Residual current action protection device installation and operation" in the provisions of 4.4 on the classification protection, when installing the residual current fire monitoring device, the steps of the point allocation principle are:
(1) Study and analyze the relevant drawings of the controlled low-voltage AC380V/220V distribution line, investigate and verify the distribution of building electrical, and determine the location of power distribution equipment (such as power distribution cabinets, boxes, disks, cables, etc.). Each monitoring detector is assigned to the corresponding power distribution equipment to determine the number of detectors and avoid resetting waste.
(2) Determine the hierarchical protection. In order to reduce the range of power failure caused by the occurrence of personal electric shock accidents and ground faults, three-stage (or two-stage) residual current protection devices of different capacities are usually installed at different locations of the power supply line to form hierarchical protection. According to the power load and line conditions, it is generally divided into two or three levels of protection, suitable for urban and rural first and second level protection.
Among them, important routes should include security, fire, emergency power, channel lighting and important places that do not allow power outages.
(3) In the secondary protection, all the switches shall be equipped with a residual current fire monitoring detector, that is, at the power supply end of the line (first level protection) and the branch head end (second stage also called end protection). Install the residual current detector and connect it to the electrical fire monitoring system for fire monitoring and alarming purposes only.
(4) Temperature detection is based on the basic principle that heat is generated when the power distribution equipment is abnormal.
1 Transformer low-voltage side outlet terminal, transformer body temperature (wind temperature, oil temperature, water temperature) test point, load switch contact.
2 Incoming and outgoing busbar contacts, automatic switch (circuit breaker, knife switch) contacts, large current conductor concentrated parts, and cable docking points of each power distribution cabinet (box).
3 Female joint cabinet main contact, knife switch contact.
4 compensation capacitor terminal, transfer switch contacts.
6 System parameter configuration
6.1 Alarm value setting range
The residual current alarm value of the field instrument in this project is set at 300 mA. The setting of the residual current value is detailed in the relevant national standards.
According to the national standard GB14287.2-2005, the alarm value of the residual current type electrical fire monitoring detector is set between 20~1000mA. According to this requirement, the residual current action value at the power supply main line is generally set to 400~800mA, and the residual current action value on the power branch line is set to 100~400mA. Generally, the residual current type electrical fire monitoring detection is set at the actual site. The alarm value of the device shall not be less than 2 times the maximum value of the leakage current during normal operation of the protected electrical circuit and equipment, and not more than 1000 mA. The alarm setting value of the electrical fire detector should take into account the normal leakage current of the power distribution system and the electrical equipment.
6.2 Refer to the cable temperature rise alarm setting reference, according to the "Power Cable Design Specification" for cable temperature requirements
(1) High temperature places above 60 °C should be selected according to the requirements of high temperature, duration and insulation type. Heat-resistant PVC, XLPE or Ethylene-propylene rubber insulation and other heat-resistant cables should be used. Insulated cable. It is not advisable to use ordinary PVC insulated cables in high temperature places.
(2) The ambient temperature of the cable's continuous allowable current carrying capacity shall be determined according to the multi-year average of the meteorological temperature of the area of ​​use and shall comply with the regulations. When the indoor cable trench is laid, the ambient temperature is the average daily maximum temperature of the hottest month of the site plus 5 °C.
(3) The temperature rise of the cable is related to the laying and heat dissipation conditions.
7 main equipment parameters
Shanghai 118 Square electrical fire monitoring system consists of electrical fire monitoring device Acrel-6000/B, leakage fire detector ARCM200L-J1, leakage current transformer AKH-0.66L. There are not many introductions about instruments and transformers. The relevant information can be found on Ankerui **http:// query.
7.1 main technical parameters
power supply:
1 rated working voltage AC220V (-15% ~ +10%)
2 Backup power supply: When the main power supply is under voltage or power failure, maintain the monitoring equipment working time ≥ 4 hours
Working system:
24-hour work schedule
communication method:
RS485 bus communication, Modbus-RTU communication protocol, transmission distance 1.2km, can extend communication transmission distance through repeater
Monitoring capacity:
1 Monitoring equipment can monitor up to 1024 (customized) monitoring units (detectors)
2 can be connected with ARCM series monitoring detector
Monitoring alarm items:
1 Residual current fault (leakage): fault unit attribute (part, type)
2 Temperature alarm (over temperature): Fault unit attribute (part, type)
3 Current fault (overcurrent): Fault unit attribute (part, type)
Monitoring alarm response time: ≤30s
Monitoring alarm sound pressure level (A weighting): ≥70dB/1m
Monitoring alarm light display: red LED indicator, red light alarm signal should be maintained until manual reset
Monitoring alarm sound signal: can be manually eliminated, can be started again when there is alarm signal input again
Fault alarm item:
1 The communication cable between the monitoring device and the detector is open or shorted.
2 Monitoring equipment main power supply undervoltage or power failure
3 The cable between the charger that charges the battery and the battery is broken or shorted.
Fault alarm response time: ≤100s
Monitoring alarm sound pressure level (A weighting): ≥70dB/1m
Monitoring alarm light display: yellow LED indicator, yellow light alarm signal should be kept until troubleshooting
Fault alarm sound signal: can be manually eliminated, can be started again when there is an alarm signal input again
The normal operation of the non-faulty loop is not affected during the fault
Control output:
Alarm control output: 1 set of normally open passive contacts, capacity: AC250V 3A or DC30V 3A
Self-test items:
1 Indicator check: alarm, fault, operation, main power, standby power indicator
2 display check
3 audio device inspection
Self-test time ≤60s
record:
1 Record content: record type, time of occurrence, detector number, area, fault description, can store no less than 20,000 records
2 record query: query according to the date, type and other conditions of the record
Operational rating:
1 Daily duty class: real-time status monitoring, event record query
2 Monitoring operation level: real-time status monitoring, event record query, detector remote reset, device self-test
3 System management level: real-time status monitoring, event record query, detector remote reset, device self-test, monitoring device system parameter query, monitoring device module detection, operator addition and deletion
Environmental conditions used:
1 Workplace: Fire control room, manned substation (distribution room), wall on room where someone is on duty
2 Working environment temperature: 0 ° C ~ 40 ° C
3 Working environment relative humidity: 5% ~ 95% RH
4 Altitude: ≤2500m
7.2 basic functions
(1) Monitoring alarm function:
The monitoring equipment can receive the leakage and temperature information of multiple detectors, and emit an audible and visual alarm signal when the alarm occurs. At the same time, the red “alarm†indicator on the device lights up, the display indicates the alarm location and alarm type, and the alarm time is recorded. The sound and light alarm is always maintained. Until the display is reset by pressing the display "Reset" button. The audible alarm signal can also be manually removed using the display "Muffler" button.
(2) Fault alarm function
Communication failure alarm: When a communication failure occurs between the monitoring device and any of the connected detectors, the corresponding detector in the monitoring screen displays a fault indication, and the yellow “fault†indicator on the device lights up, and a fault alarm sound is emitted. .
Power failure alarm: When the main power or backup power fails, the monitoring device also emits an audible and visual alarm signal and displays the fault information. You can enter the corresponding interface to view the detailed information and release the alarm sound.
(3) Self-test function
Check that all status indicators, display, and speakers in the device are normal.
(4) Alarm record storage query function
When leakage, over-temperature alarm or communication or power failure occurs, the alarm part, fault information, alarm time and other information are stored in the database. When the alarm is cancelled or the fault is eliminated, the same is recorded. Historical data provides a variety of convenient and fast ways to query.
(5) Power function
When the main power supply has a power failure, undervoltage, etc., the monitoring equipment can automatically switch to the standby power supply. When the main power supply returns to normal power supply, it automatically switches back to the main power supply, ensuring continuous and smooth operation of the monitoring equipment during the switching process.
(6) Detector control function
Remote monitoring of all detectors connected to the unit is possible through monitoring software operation.
(7) Authority control function
In order to ensure the safe operation of the monitoring system, the monitoring device software operation authority is divided into three levels, and different levels of operators have different operation rights.
Project summary
With the intelligent development of intelligent buildings and power systems, the government and the public have become more and more aware of power safety. The installation of leakage fire systems in enterprise buildings, public buildings and commercial buildings is an inevitable trend of intelligent construction. The electrical fire system is conducive to the detection of potential safety hazards, promptly reminding managers to deal with potential safety hazards, and has important significance for fire prevention. As a comprehensive shopping center, Shanghai 118 Square has a large flow of people and high personnel intensity in the regional time period. The safety of its electricity consumption is very important. In the process of designing, installing and commissioning this system, we cooperate with the site Party A and construction. The owner has combed the entire power distribution system, eliminating related leakage faults and ensuring safe operation of the system.
At the time of acceptance of this project, detailed system training will be carried out for the power system management personnel of the project, so that the site management personnel can more thoroughly understand the troubleshooting methods of electrical fire hazards in the distribution system of the project and improve their awareness of electrical fire prevention.
After the project is running normally, we also provide the complete set of information of the electrical fire system of the project. The data includes the point table of the electrical fire detection point of the project and the system instruction manual. For the point table, the specific name position of each fire detector installation circuit in this project is marked above, and the real-time data after the normal operation of the system. The complete set of materials facilitates the later management personnel to quickly master the system architecture, improve system maintenance efficiency and troubleshooting speed.
references
[1]. Ren Zhicheng Zhou Zhong. Principles and Application Guidelines of Power Electrical Measurement Digital Instrumentation [M]. Beijing. China Electric Power Press. 2007. 4
[2]. Zhou Zhong. Application of power meter in electric energy metering of large commercial hotels [J]. Modern Building Electric 2010. 6
About the Author:
Yang Junjun, female, undergraduate. Position: Now working for Ankerui Electric Co., Ltd., contact number, mobile phone, QQ
Http://news.chinawj.com.cn Editor: (Hardware Business Network Information Center) http://news.chinawj.com.cn
Yang Junjun (Ankerui Electric Co., Ltd. Shanghai Jiading)
0 Preface
In the past ten years of fire accidents, electrical fires ranked first, and the average number of occurrences accounted for 27% of the total number of fires per year, accounting for 80% of the total number of major fires, and the loss accounted for 53% of the total fire damage. In developed countries, the number of electrical fires per year accounts for 8% to 13% of the total number of fires. In fact, electrical fires have become the main cause of fire safety, not only in many times, but also in large losses, and have remained high for many years. In order to protect the safety of people's lives and property, early prevention and timely elimination of electrical fire safety hazards have become effective measures for the prevention of electrical fires. The prevention of electrical fires is mainly through detecting the leakage current of the line and the real-time value of its line temperature. Alarms and other measures to remind managers to troubleshoot in time.
Electrical fire prevention in shopping center places mainly has the following aspects:
(1) Electrical fires generally start in electrical cabinets, cable trays, etc. When the fire spreads to the surface of equipment and cables, a large fire has formed. At this time, the fire is often not easily controlled, so prevention is very important.
(2) The storefronts of shopping malls are densely distributed, and the intensity of personnel is high during the period. If a fire breaks out, evacuation of personnel is difficult and it is likely to cause casualties.
(3) There are many kinds of goods in shopping malls, and the fire will bring greater economic losses to the merchants.
The Acrylic-Acrel-6000/B electrical fire monitoring system independently developed by Ankerui Electric Co., Ltd. can monitor the leakage current and other parameters of each important circuit in real time to prevent electrical fires. The background of the system displays the data of each detection point, and also provides functions such as over-limit sound and light alarm and humanized interface. The system realizes 24-hour unattended real-time monitoring of the power distribution system, reduces labor costs, and improves the elimination efficiency of electrical fire hazards.
This paper briefly introduces the practical application of the Acry-6000/B electrical fire system and its practical significance in the application of the electrical fire system in the Shanghai 118 Square project.
1 Project Overview
Shanghai 118 Plaza is an open shopping mall integrating high-star hotels, office buildings, department stores, hypermarkets, restaurants, restaurants and entertainment venues.
This project is mainly to design an electrical fire monitoring system for the incoming circuit of the distribution cabinets on all floors of Shanghai 118 Square. Through the real-time monitoring of the incoming loops, the prevention and timely investigation of electrical fire faults can be realized. The design scope is mainly the floor distribution box incoming circuit of Shanghai 118 Plaza.
For the characteristics of this project, the ARCM series residual current type electrical fire monitoring detector developed by Ankerui is installed in the incoming circuit of the floor distribution cabinet. The electrical fire monitoring system shall monitor the residual current value of the important circuit and the real-time temperature of the tank circuit in real time. The monitored data will be transmitted to the background host in real time. When the residual current value exceeds the limit and the temperature exceeds the limit, the background can perform sound and light alarm. The background can be linked to the fire alarm system.
2 reference standard
In view of the fires in public buildings such as shopping centers, it is easy to cause the loss of people's lives and property. In order to improve the awareness of management personnel's electrical fire monitoring and prevention, reduce fire accidents caused by electrical fire failures. In recent years, the state has successively formulated or revised a number of relevant standards and norms. The relevant standard specifications have put forward specific requirements for the electrical fire monitoring system. The design standards for the design of the Acrylic-Acrel-6000/B electrical fire system selected in this project are as follows:
(1). GB50045-95 (2005 edition) "Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings", which stipulates in Article 9.5.1 that a fire alarm system should be installed in places with high fire risk and dense personnel in high-rise buildings.
(2). The relevant provisions of the national standard "Building electrical fire prevention requirements and testing methods" also clearly require that "the residual current action protector that automatically cuts off the power or alarm should be set at the power incoming end."
(3). The products of the electrical fire monitoring system shall meet: GB14287.1-2005 "Electrical Fire Monitoring Equipment", GB14287.2-2005 "Residual Current Electric Fire Monitoring Detector", GB14287.3-2005 "Measurement Temperature Electric Fire Monitoring and Detection" 》
(4). The installation and operation of the electrical fire monitoring system shall meet the requirements of GB13955-2005 "Installation and operation of residual current action protection device"
(5). The power supply of the electrical fire monitoring system shall meet the requirements of GB50052 "Design Specifications for Power Supply and Distribution Systems"
(6). The design of the electrical fire monitoring system shall meet the requirements of the Design Method of Electrical Fire Monitoring System (Interim Provisions)
3 system architecture and design
Electrical fire monitoring system topology
1) Station management
The management of the station control management system for the electrical fire monitoring system is the direct window of human-computer interaction and the uppermost part of the system. The Encore Electric Fire Monitoring System mainframe fully takes into account the user's operating habits and continuous and stable operation, with reference to the corresponding national standards and specifications. The host computer is mainly composed of monitoring software, touch screen, UPS power supply, printer and other equipment. The various types of data information on the site are calculated, analyzed, and processed, and reacted to the terminal management personnel in the form of graphics, digital display, sound, and indicator lights. Enables managers to grasp system dynamics in real time, and realizes functions such as fault information can be traced and information can be exported.
In view of the instrument point and the amount of data in this project, the Acrylic-Acrel-6000/B host is now configured for the project. The specific parameters of this host are described below.
2) Network communication layer
All instruments in this project must be connected in strict accordance with the hand, and all communication buses must be laid along the weak bridge. The instrument of this project is distributed in the electrical fire monitoring and detection between the floors of the strong electricity.
The data bus of this project is designed as two buses. The independent bus facilitates the maintenance of the later system. When a leakage current alarm occurs, the fault circuit can be quickly located according to the checklist provided by us in the later stage to quickly eliminate the fault.
The on-site electrical fire detectors are connected by hand in a twisted pair (ZR-RVSP2*1.0), and the number of meters per bus is about 20.
3) Field device layer
In this project, the Ankerui embedded electrical fire detector is installed for the incoming circuit of the floor distribution box. The embedded electric fire detector monitors the leakage current of the distribution circuit in real time to display the working status of the entire distribution system. .
The ARCM series residual current type electrical fire monitoring detector is designed for TT and TN systems below 0.4kV. It monitors and manages the fire risk parameters such as residual current, wire temperature, over current and over voltage of the distribution circuit. Thereby preventing the occurrence of electrical fires and real-time monitoring of various power parameters, providing accurate data for energy management. The product adopts advanced microcontroller technology, with high integration, small size, convenient installation, intelligent, digital and networked. It is an ideal choice for building electrical fire prevention monitoring and system insulation aging prediction. The product complies with the standard requirements of GB14287.2-2005 "Electrical Fire Monitoring System Part 2: Residual Current Electrical Fire Monitoring Detector".
4 system characteristics and working principle
In view of the scale of the project, the actual situation of the project electrical fire detection points. Whether in the terminal residual current detector or the background host is designed according to the actual situation of the project.
The system characteristics of this project can be summarized as follows:
(1). The terminal detector uses embedded electrical fire detector to facilitate installation, save cost and facilitate post-maintenance.
(2). RS485 bus connection is convenient and operability is strong. When the bus is routed, it is a weak bridge, which is not affected by strong electricity, ensuring stable communication of the entire system.
(3). Consider the amount of instrument data in this project, customer requirements. The host of this project is wall-mounted. The wall-mounted host has a simple interface and is easy to operate. It is suitable for the distribution room environment and customer related operation requirements in this project.
How electric fire systems work
(1). The residual current measurement is based on Kirchhoff's current law: at the same time, the sum of the current vectors flowing into and out of a node in the circuit is zero. Taking the TN-S system as an example, A/B/C/N is simultaneously passed through the residual current transformer. When there is no leakage in the system, the current vector sum of the residual current transformer flowing into and out is zero. At this time, the residual current The secondary current induced by the transformer is also 0; when a relatively large earth leakage occurs, the current vector sum of the current transformer flowing into and out of the residual current is no longer zero, and its magnitude is equal to the current flowing from the earth, that is, the leakage current. The leakage signal is transmitted to the electrical fire detector through the secondary wiring of the residual current transformer, and is sent to the CPU after operation amplification, A/D conversion, and after a series of algorithms, the amplitude of the change is analyzed and judged, and The alarm set value is compared. If the set value is exceeded, an audible and visual alarm signal is sent and sent to the background electrical fire monitoring device.
(2) The terminal detector is responsible for monitoring the residual current value of each loop and transmitting the data of the residual current value to the system host. The terminal detector is also responsible for the real-time display of the residual current value of the monitoring circuit, and can set the limit value. When the residual current value exceeds the limit, it can emit an audible and visual alarm to remind the management personnel to maintain and rectify in time.
(3). The instrument transmits data to the system host through the RS485 bus. The system host reflects the running status of the entire system through the form of graphs, reports, event records, and the like.
5 System design considerations and methods
5.1 Electrical fire monitoring system mainly monitors two types of objects, residual current and temperature, and should pay attention to the basic points in design.
(1) About residual current
Since the principle of residual current monitoring uses Kirchhoff's current law, there are certain requirements for the form of the low-voltage power distribution system to be applied. At present, low-voltage power distribution systems that can apply residual current transformers are: TT system, IT system, TN-S system, and cannot be used in TN-C system. For users who will design and install an electrical fire monitoring system, whether it is a new project or an old engineering project, first check the system grounding form of the user's low-voltage power distribution system. Otherwise, design and install the residual current transformer. Detection is simply not possible.
Regarding the AC220V single-phase power supply system, the residual current transformer only needs to cover the L/N power lines, but the neutral line N is not allowed to be grounded again. For the AC380V three-phase power supply system, due to the three-phase three-wire system, three-phase four-wire system, three-phase five-wire system, etc., the residual current transformer is simultaneously sheathed to the A/B/C three-phase power line according to the specific situation. Or cover the A/B/C/N line at the same time. Similarly, the neutral line N is not allowed to be grounded again, and the protection line PE must not pass through the transformer.
When the system grounding type is TN-C type, the industrial automation network must be converted into a TN-S type, TN-CS type or partial TT type system before the residual current detecting device can be installed.
(2) About temperature
Temperature measurement has nothing to do with the form of system grounding. It mainly considers the temperature of key parts of low-voltage power distribution equipment including cables, and is generally applied in secondary protection lines. The temperature probe Pt100 can adopt the contact arrangement method. When the object to be detected is an insulator, the temperature sensor of the detector should be directly disposed on the surface of the object to be detected. When the object to be tested is the temperature change inside the power distribution cabinet, a non-contact arrangement can be adopted, which is close to the heat generating component.
5.2 Point allocation in system design
According to the national standard GB13955-2005 "Residual current action protection device installation and operation" in the provisions of 4.4 on the classification protection, when installing the residual current fire monitoring device, the steps of the point allocation principle are:
(1) Study and analyze the relevant drawings of the controlled low-voltage AC380V/220V distribution line, investigate and verify the distribution of building electrical, and determine the location of power distribution equipment (such as power distribution cabinets, boxes, disks, cables, etc.). Each monitoring detector is assigned to the corresponding power distribution equipment to determine the number of detectors and avoid resetting waste.
(2) Determine the hierarchical protection. In order to reduce the range of power failure caused by the occurrence of personal electric shock accidents and ground faults, three-stage (or two-stage) residual current protection devices of different capacities are usually installed at different locations of the power supply line to form hierarchical protection. According to the power load and line conditions, it is generally divided into two or three levels of protection, suitable for urban and rural first and second level protection.
Among them, important routes should include security, fire, emergency power, channel lighting and important places that do not allow power outages.
(3) In the secondary protection, all the switches shall be equipped with a residual current fire monitoring detector, that is, at the power supply end of the line (first level protection) and the branch head end (second stage also called end protection). Install the residual current detector and connect it to the electrical fire monitoring system for fire monitoring and alarming purposes only.
(4) Temperature detection is based on the basic principle that heat is generated when the power distribution equipment is abnormal.
1 Transformer low-voltage side outlet terminal, transformer body temperature (wind temperature, oil temperature, water temperature) test point, load switch contact.
2 Incoming and outgoing busbar contacts, automatic switch (circuit breaker, knife switch) contacts, large current conductor concentrated parts, and cable docking points of each power distribution cabinet (box).
3 Female joint cabinet main contact, knife switch contact.
4 compensation capacitor terminal, transfer switch contacts.
6 System parameter configuration
6.1 Alarm value setting range
The residual current alarm value of the field instrument in this project is set at 300 mA. The setting of the residual current value is detailed in the relevant national standards.
According to the national standard GB14287.2-2005, the alarm value of the residual current type electrical fire monitoring detector is set between 20~1000mA. According to this requirement, the residual current action value at the power supply main line is generally set to 400~800mA, and the residual current action value on the power branch line is set to 100~400mA. Generally, the residual current type electrical fire monitoring detection is set at the actual site. The alarm value of the device shall not be less than 2 times the maximum value of the leakage current during normal operation of the protected electrical circuit and equipment, and not more than 1000 mA. The alarm setting value of the electrical fire detector should take into account the normal leakage current of the power distribution system and the electrical equipment.
6.2 Refer to the cable temperature rise alarm setting reference, according to the "Power Cable Design Specification" for cable temperature requirements
(1) High temperature places above 60 °C should be selected according to the requirements of high temperature, duration and insulation type. Heat-resistant PVC, XLPE or Ethylene-propylene rubber insulation and other heat-resistant cables should be used. Insulated cable. It is not advisable to use ordinary PVC insulated cables in high temperature places.
(2) The ambient temperature of the cable's continuous allowable current carrying capacity shall be determined according to the multi-year average of the meteorological temperature of the area of ​​use and shall comply with the regulations. When the indoor cable trench is laid, the ambient temperature is the average daily maximum temperature of the hottest month of the site plus 5 °C.
(3) The temperature rise of the cable is related to the laying and heat dissipation conditions.
7 main equipment parameters
Shanghai 118 Square electrical fire monitoring system consists of electrical fire monitoring device Acrel-6000/B, leakage fire detector ARCM200L-J1, leakage current transformer AKH-0.66L. There are not many introductions about instruments and transformers. The relevant information can be found on Ankerui **http:// query.
7.1 main technical parameters
power supply:
1 rated working voltage AC220V (-15% ~ +10%)
2 Backup power supply: When the main power supply is under voltage or power failure, maintain the monitoring equipment working time ≥ 4 hours
Working system:
24-hour work schedule
communication method:
RS485 bus communication, Modbus-RTU communication protocol, transmission distance 1.2km, can extend communication transmission distance through repeater
Monitoring capacity:
1 Monitoring equipment can monitor up to 1024 (customized) monitoring units (detectors)
2 can be connected with ARCM series monitoring detector
Monitoring alarm items:
1 Residual current fault (leakage): fault unit attribute (part, type)
2 Temperature alarm (over temperature): Fault unit attribute (part, type)
3 Current fault (overcurrent): Fault unit attribute (part, type)
Monitoring alarm response time: ≤30s
Monitoring alarm sound pressure level (A weighting): ≥70dB/1m
Monitoring alarm light display: red LED indicator, red light alarm signal should be maintained until manual reset
Monitoring alarm sound signal: can be manually eliminated, can be started again when there is alarm signal input again
Fault alarm item:
1 The communication cable between the monitoring device and the detector is open or shorted.
2 Monitoring equipment main power supply undervoltage or power failure
3 The cable between the charger that charges the battery and the battery is broken or shorted.
Fault alarm response time: ≤100s
Monitoring alarm sound pressure level (A weighting): ≥70dB/1m
Monitoring alarm light display: yellow LED indicator, yellow light alarm signal should be kept until troubleshooting
Fault alarm sound signal: can be manually eliminated, can be started again when there is an alarm signal input again
The normal operation of the non-faulty loop is not affected during the fault
Control output:
Alarm control output: 1 set of normally open passive contacts, capacity: AC250V 3A or DC30V 3A
Self-test items:
1 Indicator check: alarm, fault, operation, main power, standby power indicator
2 display check
3 audio device inspection
Self-test time ≤60s
record:
1 Record content: record type, time of occurrence, detector number, area, fault description, can store no less than 20,000 records
2 record query: query according to the date, type and other conditions of the record
Operational rating:
1 Daily duty class: real-time status monitoring, event record query
2 Monitoring operation level: real-time status monitoring, event record query, detector remote reset, device self-test
3 System management level: real-time status monitoring, event record query, detector remote reset, device self-test, monitoring device system parameter query, monitoring device module detection, operator addition and deletion
Environmental conditions used:
1 Workplace: Fire control room, manned substation (distribution room), wall on room where someone is on duty
2 Working environment temperature: 0 ° C ~ 40 ° C
3 Working environment relative humidity: 5% ~ 95% RH
4 Altitude: ≤2500m
7.2 basic functions
(1) Monitoring alarm function:
The monitoring equipment can receive the leakage and temperature information of multiple detectors, and emit an audible and visual alarm signal when the alarm occurs. At the same time, the red “alarm†indicator on the device lights up, the display indicates the alarm location and alarm type, and the alarm time is recorded. The sound and light alarm is always maintained. Until the display is reset by pressing the display "Reset" button. The audible alarm signal can also be manually removed using the display "Muffler" button.
(2) Fault alarm function
Communication failure alarm: When a communication failure occurs between the monitoring device and any of the connected detectors, the corresponding detector in the monitoring screen displays a fault indication, and the yellow “fault†indicator on the device lights up, and a fault alarm sound is emitted. .
Power failure alarm: When the main power or backup power fails, the monitoring device also emits an audible and visual alarm signal and displays the fault information. You can enter the corresponding interface to view the detailed information and release the alarm sound.
(3) Self-test function
Check that all status indicators, display, and speakers in the device are normal.
(4) Alarm record storage query function
When leakage, over-temperature alarm or communication or power failure occurs, the alarm part, fault information, alarm time and other information are stored in the database. When the alarm is cancelled or the fault is eliminated, the same is recorded. Historical data provides a variety of convenient and fast ways to query.
(5) Power function
When the main power supply has a power failure, undervoltage, etc., the monitoring equipment can automatically switch to the standby power supply. When the main power supply returns to normal power supply, it automatically switches back to the main power supply, ensuring continuous and smooth operation of the monitoring equipment during the switching process.
(6) Detector control function
Remote monitoring of all detectors connected to the unit is possible through monitoring software operation.
(7) Authority control function
In order to ensure the safe operation of the monitoring system, the monitoring device software operation authority is divided into three levels, and different levels of operators have different operation rights.
Project summary
With the intelligent development of intelligent buildings and power systems, the government and the public have become more and more aware of power safety. The installation of leakage fire systems in enterprise buildings, public buildings and commercial buildings is an inevitable trend of intelligent construction. The electrical fire system is conducive to the detection of potential safety hazards, promptly reminding managers to deal with potential safety hazards, and has important significance for fire prevention. As a comprehensive shopping center, Shanghai 118 Square has a large flow of people and high personnel intensity in the regional time period. The safety of its electricity consumption is very important. In the process of designing, installing and commissioning this system, we cooperate with the site Party A and construction. The owner has combed the entire power distribution system, eliminating related leakage faults and ensuring safe operation of the system.
At the time of acceptance of this project, detailed system training will be carried out for the power system management personnel of the project, so that the site management personnel can more thoroughly understand the troubleshooting methods of electrical fire hazards in the distribution system of the project and improve their awareness of electrical fire prevention.
After the project is running normally, we also provide the complete set of information of the electrical fire system of the project. The data includes the point table of the electrical fire detection point of the project and the system instruction manual. For the point table, the specific name position of each fire detector installation circuit in this project is marked above, and the real-time data after the normal operation of the system. The complete set of materials facilitates the later management personnel to quickly master the system architecture, improve system maintenance efficiency and troubleshooting speed.
references
[1]. Ren Zhicheng Zhou Zhong. Principles and Application Guidelines of Power Electrical Measurement Digital Instrumentation [M]. Beijing. China Electric Power Press. 2007. 4
[2]. Zhou Zhong. Application of power meter in electric energy metering of large commercial hotels [J]. Modern Building Electric 2010. 6
About the Author:
Yang Junjun, female, undergraduate. Position: Now working for Ankerui Electric Co., Ltd., contact number, mobile phone, QQ
Http://news.chinawj.com.cn Editor: (Hardware Business Network Information Center) http://news.chinawj.com.cn
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