Accelerate the development of China's polysilicon materials industry and find a gap with foreign countries
2018-09-19 05:02:53
With the increasing demand for polysilicon in integrated circuit manufacturing and solar cell products, there has been a serious gap in the independent supply of polysilicon in China. Especially in recent years, the skyrocketing price of polysilicon market has already jeopardized the normal operation of China's polysilicon downstream industry. And become a bottleneck restricting the development of China's information industry and photovoltaic industry. Recently, the China Electronic Materials Industry Association organized a seminar on the “Eleventh Five-Year†technology development strategy for polysilicon materials in Beijing. Leaders, experts and entrepreneur representatives from the industry have conducted in-depth discussions on how to accelerate the development of China's polysilicon industry.
Dai Guoqiang has made certain achievements in the research and production of polysilicon for many years, but the gap from demand is still quite large. By analyzing the total production, technical routes and specific application needs of polysilicon production in developed countries, especially the seven major polysilicon producers, we can see what their attitudes, goals, forecasts and strategies are. On this basis, We must also analyze what is China's market opportunity. Whether the polysilicon market grows at a rate of 17% or 30% per year is a considerable challenge for our country.
Guan Baiyu has paid more and more attention to the shortage of materials, and the electronic information industry should contribute to energy conservation. As a green energy source, solar cells have developed rapidly in China in the near future. It is necessary to consider the localization of solar-grade polysilicon. The role of semiconductor lighting in energy conservation and environmental protection is obvious, and the development of corresponding semiconductor materials should be accelerated. Creating a better environment and means to promote the development of semiconductor materials will not only alleviate the energy shortage, but also meet the macro requirements of building a conservation-oriented society.
Yuantong Polysilicon is an industrialized industry integrating metallurgy, chemical engineering, automatic control, electronics and environmental engineering. Polysilicon materials are an extremely important intermediate product in the silicon product industry chain. It is the main raw material for the manufacture of silicon polishing wafers, solar cells and high-purity silicon products, and is also an important cornerstone for the development of information industry and new energy industry.
At present, polysilicon has been placed in an increasingly prominent position in the development of the semiconductor industry and the new energy industry. In the past one or two years, in the production of polysilicon products (especially for polysilicon for solar cells), the world's major producers of polysilicon are actively developing new processes, new equipment and new technologies. These R&D efforts have been very active and have received numerous new research achievements and breakthroughs. This also indicates that a new leap in the world's polysilicon industrial production technology is coming.
Lin Biqing From the current development of the semiconductor industry, the global semiconductor manufacturing industry is shifting to the Chinese mainland. China has a market and has production capacity. However, the tight supply of polysilicon materials and the lack of protection will affect the development of the industry. Therefore, Establish a polysilicon production base that meets the huge demand of the Chinese market, avoiding being subject to people, thus ensuring the safety of strategic resources of the integrated circuit industry. In this sense, the establishment of a polysilicon production base is more important to the integrated circuit industry than to the solar industry.
For many years, Zhangye polysilicon production has been improving purity, comprehensive utilization and cost reduction. Its purity has reached 11 “9†to meet the needs of semiconductor grade polysilicon, while the purity of solar polysilicon is 6 “9†or more. In the past, polysilicon plants used to supply solar energy to other foreign products (about 10% of total production), as well as monocrystalline silicon tail and tailings. Due to the unsatisfactory development speed of the electronics industry, the bubble economy appeared in 2000. The expanded polysilicon plant products were oversupplied and the operation was quite difficult. At present, the solar-grade polysilicon materials are mainly in short supply. Therefore, all factories are cautious about expanding production capacity.
Some foreign institutions predict that the world's polysilicon production in 2005 will be 28,800 tons, of which the semiconductor grade is 20,700 tons and the solar grade is 8,100 tons. From the demand point of view, the demand for semiconductor grade is about 19,000 tons, a slight surplus, the demand for solar energy is 10,000 tons, showing a situation of short supply.
In order to encourage the development of the new energy industry, the National Development and Reform Commission document (Development and Reform Office High Technology [2005] No. 509) clearly requires the organization and implementation of the “Specialization of High-tech Industrialization of Renewable Energy and New Energyâ€, clearly proposing “ To solve the problem of imbalance in the production of polycrystalline silicon raw materials for solar cells and the development of photovoltaic industry chains in China, in order to promote the healthy development of China's photovoltaic industry. The implementation of China's "Renewable Energy Law" will further promote the development of the solar cell industry and create a broader market for polysilicon. The development of solar cells will greatly increase the demand for polysilicon. Experts predict that China's polysilicon demand will reach 3,800 tons in 2005, and the polysilicon used for solar cell production in 2010 will reach 4,365 tons, and in 2015 it will be 16,200 tons. If we do not change the production status of domestic polysilicon with independent intellectual property rights and accelerate the expansion or new construction of polysilicon production enterprises, the status of China's polysilicon industry subject to the international market will not be changed, which will jeopardize the development of China's integrated circuits, semiconductor devices and photovoltaic industry.
How to evaluate the status of China's polysilicon industry?
Yuan Tong has had a serious gap in the independent supply of polysilicon in China for many years. The polysilicon used for semiconductor or solar cells is basically imported, especially due to the skyrocketing price of polysilicon in recent years, which has already jeopardized many downstream polysilicon in China. The normal operation of the enterprise has even affected the survival of the enterprise and has become a bottleneck restricting the development of China's information industry and photovoltaic industry.
Zhu Lihui China has to establish a 100-ton polysilicon project. The country has officially established three projects, but it has not been completed. The main reasons are threefold: First, the market driving force is not big now; second, the state funds are limited; third, technical indicators and foreign countries animal.
Yan Dazhou China's polysilicon industry started in the 1950s, and achieved small-scale industrialization in the mid-1960s. It was blindly developed in the early 1970s, with more than 20 production plants, but due to small production scale, backward technology and serious environmental pollution. Most of the enterprises have stopped production or changed production due to losses. By 2004, only two factories were left, the production capacity was only 100 tons/year, and the actual production of polysilicon was about 80 tons. By 2005, with the launch of the 300-ton/year industrialization project of Luoyang Zhongsi High-Tech Co., Ltd. supported by the “863†project, the national polysilicon production capacity will reach 400 tons/year, which will take some time to reach production after it is put into production. In 2005, the national polysilicon production was about 180 tons.
What problems exist in the development of China's polysilicon industry? What is the main gap with foreign countries?
Jianshuisheng The 21st century is the century of energy crisis and the century of green energy revolution. We must seize the opportunity to achieve leap-forward development. The energy of solar energy on the earth is tens of thousands of times the energy that our humans need. The energy of solar energy on our country is equivalent to the energy produced by 2.4 trillion tons of standard coal. The core problem now is the price issue. Now the solar energy price is too expensive, and although semiconductor lighting can save 90% of energy, but to achieve the application, the efficiency should be increased by 8 times and the price should be reduced by 100 times, thus accelerating China's polysilicon and The construction of optoelectronic materials recycling economy industrial base is very necessary.
Yang Yu'an domestic polysilicon compared with foreign countries, the gap is mainly reflected in the following aspects: small scale of production; high energy consumption of similar production units (especially electrical unit energy consumption); reliability and advancement of thousands of tons of process and equipment technology, Maturity and the matching of each subsystem to each other are subject to production and operation verification, and need to be improved and improved.
Chen Shaozhang The gap between China's polysilicon in industrial production and the international advanced level is mainly reflected in four aspects: First, the process and equipment are backward, resulting in excessive material and power consumption; second, the scale of production is small, and now the minimum economic scale is 1,000 tons. / Year, and China's current stage of enterprises 30 tons / year ~ 50 tons / year is big; third is ultra-high-purity products (B <0.03ppb) is difficult to obtain; Fourth, the cost is not competitive.
How to judge the market and industrial prospects of China's polysilicon?
Although Chen Shaozhang has a strong demand in the international polysilicon market for a period of time, the domestic market gap is very large, but it should be noted that China's polysilicon industry has a poor foundation and a weak foundation, and foreign countries have imposed technical blockades on us; if there is a situation of blooming everywhere and repeating construction, It is extremely unfavorable for the development of this industry. Therefore, it is recommended that the government and industry authorities strengthen management. New projects must be cautious. It is better to choose one or two factories with existing conditions to rebuild and expand the production line. The economy is 2,500 tons per year.
Yan Dazhou's production and sales of circuit-grade polysilicon in the world are adjusted according to actual needs, and production and sales are basically balanced. In order to accelerate the popularization of solar power generation, countries all over the world have made great efforts to develop and utilize solar energy technology, resulting in solar cells experiencing a leap-forward development at a rate of more than 30% per year, making solar-grade polysilicon far from meeting demand.
In 2003, the world's solar cell production was 744 megawatts, and the demand for polysilicon was over 8,700 tons. In 2004, the world's solar cell production was 1,000 megawatts, and polysilicon demand was above 12,000 tons. Experts predict that in 2005 the world's solar cell production will be 1,300 megawatts, and polysilicon demand will reach more than 15,600 tons. As the market is in short supply, the price of solar grade polysilicon has risen, and some manufacturers have snapped up circuit-grade polysilicon, which has led to tight supply of circuit-level polysilicon in the world, which has driven up the price of circuit-level polysilicon products. Worldwide, the production and supply of solar grade polysilicon has severely constrained the development of solar cells.
Li Bencheng's core technology of polysilicon is all abroad, but foreign companies engaged in polysilicon production are developing independently, and it is impossible to introduce technology. The environmental protection and clean production of polysilicon is very important. It cannot be selected in densely populated areas and tourist areas. Polysilicon projects are risky, have long processing time, long equipment commissioning time, cost more, and may not be accepted by the market after completion. Therefore, Even if the market is short, no one can easily do it. From the current market situation in China, it is necessary and necessary to build two 5,000-ton polysilicon plants.
How to accelerate the development of China's polysilicon industry?
Guoqiang We want to study what China does in the big chain of economic globalization. In terms of solar cell production, Japan accounts for half of the total, and China's industrial development is characterized by relatively fast growth, and already has several companies that are growing rapidly and playing a leading role in the development of the solar cell industry.
As a polysilicon material needed for semiconductor manufacturing, China will have a big development in the next step, because there are already 12-inch fabs in operation in China, multiple lines in 8-inch fabs are in operation, and several lines are actively preparing. Among them, there will be new funds invested in semiconductor manufacturing in the future, which is also a very big challenge for China's semiconductor manufacturing polysilicon. In this process, what countermeasures should we take, and what problems can be solved from a technical point of view? of.
We are now thinking more about power consumption. We are concerned that the power consumption per kilogram of polysilicon is 500 degrees, 300 degrees or 150 degrees in Japan, and even lower, but in fact we should focus on some strategies from a system perspective. Sexual issues: A series of issues, such as what we need to solve technically, how to use polysilicon more effectively. In addition, we need to consider how to provide support for polysilicon for solar and semiconductor production from the perspective of energy, materials and equipment.
We must systematically integrate the technological foundations that the country has accumulated over the years. The state has clearly proposed the 16-word development policy in the medium and long-term strategic planning, namely, “independent innovation, key leapfrogging, supporting development, and leading the futureâ€. We must play a leading role in science and technology in supporting development. We have already had good links with the National Development and Reform Commission. Our research results should be closely linked with the industry and industry plans of the National Development and Reform Commission to form science and technology and the next step. The consortium provides the support of technology.
I hope that both enterprises and research institutes will formulate their own development roadmaps. I also hope that everyone can make suggestions for the national development strategy roadmap. Through such a roadmap, use economic plans and goals to plan technical problems that must be solved. Orderly development lays a better foundation.
The Jianshui green energy revolution, solar cells should play a leading role, but why not included in the national medium- and long-term development plan? The reason for the surface is that solar cells are too expensive, but the core problem is that there is a bottleneck in the development of solar cells. In terms of solar cell polysilicon energy consumption, improving efficiency is the only way out. An effective way to reduce energy consumption and cost is to produce thin-film monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon solar cells, which is currently the subject of the world. If we can directly produce thin-film solar cells with ten or more micrometers and reliable performance, our country's energy problems will be solved. If the price can be reduced tenfold, it will be comparable to the current thermal power generation. To pay attention to this issue, we must pay attention to original innovation and have our own unique insights.
Our country should establish a base of polysilicon. The output value of this base can reach hundreds of billions of yuan or even hundreds of billions of yuan. If we can build several such bases, the comprehensive national strength of our country will be greatly improved.
The development of Yuan Tong's demand situation, whether it is expanding China's polysilicon production scale, or researching and developing energy saving, improving production efficiency, reducing costs, and improving efficiency of polysilicon production, has put an urgent need on China's silicon material industry. Important task. China's polysilicon materials face important levels.
Zhang Wei, we advocate government-led, multi-party financing, breaking monopoly and independent innovation.
There are many places to think about polysilicon projects now. I hope that the government can organize and coordinate to avoid the history of repeated plant construction of single crystal silicon. In addition, the old experts of polysilicon are very important and should be organized together for research. Multi-party financing, multiple provinces, upstream and downstream industrial chains, including private enterprises, multi-party construction, sharing risks. From the current point of view, the gap between supply and demand in the international market is large, but the future price cannot be guaranteed not to fall. Moreover, it is difficult for polysilicon plants to ensure production safety. It may guarantee that there will be no accidents for 5 years, but it cannot guarantee 10 years and 20 years. No accidents. Technically, it must be independent innovation, and it is impossible to rely on transfer.
In addition, site selection is very important. It is necessary to consider the power is abundant and the price is low. The electricity should be less than 0.2 yuan per kWh. It is best to have a chlor-alkali industry nearby.
Yang Yu'an has developed and strengthened the technical conditions of China's polysilicon industry, and other conditions are also fully prepared. The polysilicon industry is a high-tech industry with a small input-to-output ratio and is also a capital-intensive industry. The state and related demand industries should increase their support for technology research and development, improvement and construction projects in the polysilicon industry. Seize the favorable opportunity to develop and expand China's polysilicon industry, eliminate bottlenecks that restrict the development of domestic related industries, and meet the needs of domestic related industry development.
Chen Shaozhang government should increase its support for the polysilicon industry. It is recommended that industry associations appeal more, not only to get government financial support, but also to protect policies for infant industries (such as taxes and subsidies, special credit policies, etc.).
Polysilicon is a high-energy-consuming industry. Foreign polysilicon plants are built in areas with abundant power resources and low prices. It is recommended that relevant departments research and develop corresponding electricity price policies for the polysilicon industry.
Strengthen basic research on polysilicon production. It is recommended that the Ministry of Science and Technology set up a national-level technical research center in the existing large-scale enterprises to carry out basic research on polysilicon, such as research on new process technologies for solar-grade polysilicon, research on large-scale reduction furnaces, and research on comprehensive utilization of by-products.
In the field of polysilicon, Lin Biqing relies on technology transfer and joint ventures with foreign companies. Therefore, it is impossible to lose illusions, work hard on polysilicon technology research and development, and jointly research and develop new technologies and processes for polysilicon production.
In addition, the model of multi-investment of foreign polysilicon manufacturers can be used for reference. Combining upstream and downstream enterprises through equity participation, diversified investment, expanding scale, reducing costs, and forming a complete semiconductor industry chain with independent research and development and supply. If the quality of domestically produced products is reliable, Good value for money, we will give priority to it.
Feng Dizhi currently faces a severe situation in the supply of polysilicon. As the driving force of the photovoltaic industry increases, the shortage of polysilicon supply will intensify, and the new capacity of polysilicon enterprises has been locked in by some enterprises to accelerate China's polysilicon materials. The development of the industry is not waiting for us. Therefore, the state is called upon to formulate preferential policies to support the research of new technologies and new technologies under the premise of the same cost to foreign enterprises.
Judging from the current situation in China, there are many enterprises and places that want to go to polysilicon projects. However, the polysilicon industry not only has high technical thresholds, but also requires a professional team to ensure the operation. Therefore, the relevant state departments should strictly examine the polysilicon projects. And restrictions.
What specific suggestions are there for the research and development of polysilicon industrialization technology in China?
Yang Yu'an's improvement of the production technology of electronic grade polysilicon above 1000 tons and the research and development of low-cost SOG silicon production technology based on this should be the focus and direction of formulating the research and development plan of polysilicon industry technology.
During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, in order to realize the industrialization of polysilicon using the modified Siemens process, it is recommended to carry out the following research: low-power consumption polysilicon generation reactor technology based on SiHCl3 hydrogen reduction method; H2, HCl in dry recovery SiHCl3, SiCl4 mixed gas large capacity oil-free lubrication and pressurization device; SiCl4 hydrogenation reactor feed system control technology device; large multi-side line SiHCl3 high-efficiency purification technology device; automatic control configuration technology for kiloton-class polysilicon production system.
Organizations of polysilicon, silicon chips and solar silicon wafers jointly studied the effects of impurities in polysilicon on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar silicon cells, determined the relationship between SOG silicon purity and SOG silicon industrial economics, and formulated SOG for solar photovoltaic silicon cells. Silicon quality standards to avoid the increase in SOG silicon production costs for blindly reducing certain types of impurities in SOG silicon production.
Yan Dazhou has the following key points in the technology development and innovation integration of China's polysilicon industry:
In the aspect of large-scale power-saving reduction furnace technology, further research on large-scale reduction furnace technology including 36 pairs of rods and 48 pairs of rods, researching the supporting polycrystalline silicon growth process, production equipment, power supply equipment and reduction furnace start-up equipment, so that the reduction furnace is directly charged. The consumption control is below 150 kWh/kg, which greatly reduces the production cost of polysilicon and meets the demand for the construction of polysilicon industrialized production lines of 1,000 tons/year, 2000 tons/year or even larger.
Second, in the field of high-efficiency purification technology innovation integration, explore new purification processes, technologies and equipment suitable for polysilicon production, through innovative integration, for the purification of raw materials for polysilicon production.
Third, in the development of by-product recycling technology, a large amount of silicon tetrachloride is produced in polysilicon production. Although it can be converted into trichlorosilane by hydrogenation technology, it solves the problem of a large number of by-products, but with the domestic and foreign gas phase white carbon The demand for black, high-purity quartz and optical fiber preforms is growing, and the demand for high-purity silicon tetrachloride raw materials that meet various quality requirements is growing. The development of various high-purity silicon tetrachlorides suitable for the above requirements will be further solved. The technology realizes the technical problems related to industrialization and improves the added value of the by-product silicon tetrachloride. In the development of fluidized bed polysilicon production process, at present, in the foreign polysilicon production technology, in addition to the process of producing polysilicon by Siemens method, There are silane thermal decomposition to produce rod-shaped, granular polysilicon process and SiH2Cl2 thermal decomposition to produce polysilicon process. These methods have their own characteristics and exist at the same time.
Dai Guoqiang has made certain achievements in the research and production of polysilicon for many years, but the gap from demand is still quite large. By analyzing the total production, technical routes and specific application needs of polysilicon production in developed countries, especially the seven major polysilicon producers, we can see what their attitudes, goals, forecasts and strategies are. On this basis, We must also analyze what is China's market opportunity. Whether the polysilicon market grows at a rate of 17% or 30% per year is a considerable challenge for our country.
Guan Baiyu has paid more and more attention to the shortage of materials, and the electronic information industry should contribute to energy conservation. As a green energy source, solar cells have developed rapidly in China in the near future. It is necessary to consider the localization of solar-grade polysilicon. The role of semiconductor lighting in energy conservation and environmental protection is obvious, and the development of corresponding semiconductor materials should be accelerated. Creating a better environment and means to promote the development of semiconductor materials will not only alleviate the energy shortage, but also meet the macro requirements of building a conservation-oriented society.
Yuantong Polysilicon is an industrialized industry integrating metallurgy, chemical engineering, automatic control, electronics and environmental engineering. Polysilicon materials are an extremely important intermediate product in the silicon product industry chain. It is the main raw material for the manufacture of silicon polishing wafers, solar cells and high-purity silicon products, and is also an important cornerstone for the development of information industry and new energy industry.
At present, polysilicon has been placed in an increasingly prominent position in the development of the semiconductor industry and the new energy industry. In the past one or two years, in the production of polysilicon products (especially for polysilicon for solar cells), the world's major producers of polysilicon are actively developing new processes, new equipment and new technologies. These R&D efforts have been very active and have received numerous new research achievements and breakthroughs. This also indicates that a new leap in the world's polysilicon industrial production technology is coming.
Lin Biqing From the current development of the semiconductor industry, the global semiconductor manufacturing industry is shifting to the Chinese mainland. China has a market and has production capacity. However, the tight supply of polysilicon materials and the lack of protection will affect the development of the industry. Therefore, Establish a polysilicon production base that meets the huge demand of the Chinese market, avoiding being subject to people, thus ensuring the safety of strategic resources of the integrated circuit industry. In this sense, the establishment of a polysilicon production base is more important to the integrated circuit industry than to the solar industry.
For many years, Zhangye polysilicon production has been improving purity, comprehensive utilization and cost reduction. Its purity has reached 11 “9†to meet the needs of semiconductor grade polysilicon, while the purity of solar polysilicon is 6 “9†or more. In the past, polysilicon plants used to supply solar energy to other foreign products (about 10% of total production), as well as monocrystalline silicon tail and tailings. Due to the unsatisfactory development speed of the electronics industry, the bubble economy appeared in 2000. The expanded polysilicon plant products were oversupplied and the operation was quite difficult. At present, the solar-grade polysilicon materials are mainly in short supply. Therefore, all factories are cautious about expanding production capacity.
Some foreign institutions predict that the world's polysilicon production in 2005 will be 28,800 tons, of which the semiconductor grade is 20,700 tons and the solar grade is 8,100 tons. From the demand point of view, the demand for semiconductor grade is about 19,000 tons, a slight surplus, the demand for solar energy is 10,000 tons, showing a situation of short supply.
In order to encourage the development of the new energy industry, the National Development and Reform Commission document (Development and Reform Office High Technology [2005] No. 509) clearly requires the organization and implementation of the “Specialization of High-tech Industrialization of Renewable Energy and New Energyâ€, clearly proposing “ To solve the problem of imbalance in the production of polycrystalline silicon raw materials for solar cells and the development of photovoltaic industry chains in China, in order to promote the healthy development of China's photovoltaic industry. The implementation of China's "Renewable Energy Law" will further promote the development of the solar cell industry and create a broader market for polysilicon. The development of solar cells will greatly increase the demand for polysilicon. Experts predict that China's polysilicon demand will reach 3,800 tons in 2005, and the polysilicon used for solar cell production in 2010 will reach 4,365 tons, and in 2015 it will be 16,200 tons. If we do not change the production status of domestic polysilicon with independent intellectual property rights and accelerate the expansion or new construction of polysilicon production enterprises, the status of China's polysilicon industry subject to the international market will not be changed, which will jeopardize the development of China's integrated circuits, semiconductor devices and photovoltaic industry.
How to evaluate the status of China's polysilicon industry?
Yuan Tong has had a serious gap in the independent supply of polysilicon in China for many years. The polysilicon used for semiconductor or solar cells is basically imported, especially due to the skyrocketing price of polysilicon in recent years, which has already jeopardized many downstream polysilicon in China. The normal operation of the enterprise has even affected the survival of the enterprise and has become a bottleneck restricting the development of China's information industry and photovoltaic industry.
Zhu Lihui China has to establish a 100-ton polysilicon project. The country has officially established three projects, but it has not been completed. The main reasons are threefold: First, the market driving force is not big now; second, the state funds are limited; third, technical indicators and foreign countries animal.
Yan Dazhou China's polysilicon industry started in the 1950s, and achieved small-scale industrialization in the mid-1960s. It was blindly developed in the early 1970s, with more than 20 production plants, but due to small production scale, backward technology and serious environmental pollution. Most of the enterprises have stopped production or changed production due to losses. By 2004, only two factories were left, the production capacity was only 100 tons/year, and the actual production of polysilicon was about 80 tons. By 2005, with the launch of the 300-ton/year industrialization project of Luoyang Zhongsi High-Tech Co., Ltd. supported by the “863†project, the national polysilicon production capacity will reach 400 tons/year, which will take some time to reach production after it is put into production. In 2005, the national polysilicon production was about 180 tons.
What problems exist in the development of China's polysilicon industry? What is the main gap with foreign countries?
Jianshuisheng The 21st century is the century of energy crisis and the century of green energy revolution. We must seize the opportunity to achieve leap-forward development. The energy of solar energy on the earth is tens of thousands of times the energy that our humans need. The energy of solar energy on our country is equivalent to the energy produced by 2.4 trillion tons of standard coal. The core problem now is the price issue. Now the solar energy price is too expensive, and although semiconductor lighting can save 90% of energy, but to achieve the application, the efficiency should be increased by 8 times and the price should be reduced by 100 times, thus accelerating China's polysilicon and The construction of optoelectronic materials recycling economy industrial base is very necessary.
Yang Yu'an domestic polysilicon compared with foreign countries, the gap is mainly reflected in the following aspects: small scale of production; high energy consumption of similar production units (especially electrical unit energy consumption); reliability and advancement of thousands of tons of process and equipment technology, Maturity and the matching of each subsystem to each other are subject to production and operation verification, and need to be improved and improved.
Chen Shaozhang The gap between China's polysilicon in industrial production and the international advanced level is mainly reflected in four aspects: First, the process and equipment are backward, resulting in excessive material and power consumption; second, the scale of production is small, and now the minimum economic scale is 1,000 tons. / Year, and China's current stage of enterprises 30 tons / year ~ 50 tons / year is big; third is ultra-high-purity products (B <0.03ppb) is difficult to obtain; Fourth, the cost is not competitive.
How to judge the market and industrial prospects of China's polysilicon?
Although Chen Shaozhang has a strong demand in the international polysilicon market for a period of time, the domestic market gap is very large, but it should be noted that China's polysilicon industry has a poor foundation and a weak foundation, and foreign countries have imposed technical blockades on us; if there is a situation of blooming everywhere and repeating construction, It is extremely unfavorable for the development of this industry. Therefore, it is recommended that the government and industry authorities strengthen management. New projects must be cautious. It is better to choose one or two factories with existing conditions to rebuild and expand the production line. The economy is 2,500 tons per year.
Yan Dazhou's production and sales of circuit-grade polysilicon in the world are adjusted according to actual needs, and production and sales are basically balanced. In order to accelerate the popularization of solar power generation, countries all over the world have made great efforts to develop and utilize solar energy technology, resulting in solar cells experiencing a leap-forward development at a rate of more than 30% per year, making solar-grade polysilicon far from meeting demand.
In 2003, the world's solar cell production was 744 megawatts, and the demand for polysilicon was over 8,700 tons. In 2004, the world's solar cell production was 1,000 megawatts, and polysilicon demand was above 12,000 tons. Experts predict that in 2005 the world's solar cell production will be 1,300 megawatts, and polysilicon demand will reach more than 15,600 tons. As the market is in short supply, the price of solar grade polysilicon has risen, and some manufacturers have snapped up circuit-grade polysilicon, which has led to tight supply of circuit-level polysilicon in the world, which has driven up the price of circuit-level polysilicon products. Worldwide, the production and supply of solar grade polysilicon has severely constrained the development of solar cells.
Li Bencheng's core technology of polysilicon is all abroad, but foreign companies engaged in polysilicon production are developing independently, and it is impossible to introduce technology. The environmental protection and clean production of polysilicon is very important. It cannot be selected in densely populated areas and tourist areas. Polysilicon projects are risky, have long processing time, long equipment commissioning time, cost more, and may not be accepted by the market after completion. Therefore, Even if the market is short, no one can easily do it. From the current market situation in China, it is necessary and necessary to build two 5,000-ton polysilicon plants.
How to accelerate the development of China's polysilicon industry?
Guoqiang We want to study what China does in the big chain of economic globalization. In terms of solar cell production, Japan accounts for half of the total, and China's industrial development is characterized by relatively fast growth, and already has several companies that are growing rapidly and playing a leading role in the development of the solar cell industry.
As a polysilicon material needed for semiconductor manufacturing, China will have a big development in the next step, because there are already 12-inch fabs in operation in China, multiple lines in 8-inch fabs are in operation, and several lines are actively preparing. Among them, there will be new funds invested in semiconductor manufacturing in the future, which is also a very big challenge for China's semiconductor manufacturing polysilicon. In this process, what countermeasures should we take, and what problems can be solved from a technical point of view? of.
We are now thinking more about power consumption. We are concerned that the power consumption per kilogram of polysilicon is 500 degrees, 300 degrees or 150 degrees in Japan, and even lower, but in fact we should focus on some strategies from a system perspective. Sexual issues: A series of issues, such as what we need to solve technically, how to use polysilicon more effectively. In addition, we need to consider how to provide support for polysilicon for solar and semiconductor production from the perspective of energy, materials and equipment.
We must systematically integrate the technological foundations that the country has accumulated over the years. The state has clearly proposed the 16-word development policy in the medium and long-term strategic planning, namely, “independent innovation, key leapfrogging, supporting development, and leading the futureâ€. We must play a leading role in science and technology in supporting development. We have already had good links with the National Development and Reform Commission. Our research results should be closely linked with the industry and industry plans of the National Development and Reform Commission to form science and technology and the next step. The consortium provides the support of technology.
I hope that both enterprises and research institutes will formulate their own development roadmaps. I also hope that everyone can make suggestions for the national development strategy roadmap. Through such a roadmap, use economic plans and goals to plan technical problems that must be solved. Orderly development lays a better foundation.
The Jianshui green energy revolution, solar cells should play a leading role, but why not included in the national medium- and long-term development plan? The reason for the surface is that solar cells are too expensive, but the core problem is that there is a bottleneck in the development of solar cells. In terms of solar cell polysilicon energy consumption, improving efficiency is the only way out. An effective way to reduce energy consumption and cost is to produce thin-film monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon solar cells, which is currently the subject of the world. If we can directly produce thin-film solar cells with ten or more micrometers and reliable performance, our country's energy problems will be solved. If the price can be reduced tenfold, it will be comparable to the current thermal power generation. To pay attention to this issue, we must pay attention to original innovation and have our own unique insights.
Our country should establish a base of polysilicon. The output value of this base can reach hundreds of billions of yuan or even hundreds of billions of yuan. If we can build several such bases, the comprehensive national strength of our country will be greatly improved.
The development of Yuan Tong's demand situation, whether it is expanding China's polysilicon production scale, or researching and developing energy saving, improving production efficiency, reducing costs, and improving efficiency of polysilicon production, has put an urgent need on China's silicon material industry. Important task. China's polysilicon materials face important levels.
Zhang Wei, we advocate government-led, multi-party financing, breaking monopoly and independent innovation.
There are many places to think about polysilicon projects now. I hope that the government can organize and coordinate to avoid the history of repeated plant construction of single crystal silicon. In addition, the old experts of polysilicon are very important and should be organized together for research. Multi-party financing, multiple provinces, upstream and downstream industrial chains, including private enterprises, multi-party construction, sharing risks. From the current point of view, the gap between supply and demand in the international market is large, but the future price cannot be guaranteed not to fall. Moreover, it is difficult for polysilicon plants to ensure production safety. It may guarantee that there will be no accidents for 5 years, but it cannot guarantee 10 years and 20 years. No accidents. Technically, it must be independent innovation, and it is impossible to rely on transfer.
In addition, site selection is very important. It is necessary to consider the power is abundant and the price is low. The electricity should be less than 0.2 yuan per kWh. It is best to have a chlor-alkali industry nearby.
Yang Yu'an has developed and strengthened the technical conditions of China's polysilicon industry, and other conditions are also fully prepared. The polysilicon industry is a high-tech industry with a small input-to-output ratio and is also a capital-intensive industry. The state and related demand industries should increase their support for technology research and development, improvement and construction projects in the polysilicon industry. Seize the favorable opportunity to develop and expand China's polysilicon industry, eliminate bottlenecks that restrict the development of domestic related industries, and meet the needs of domestic related industry development.
Chen Shaozhang government should increase its support for the polysilicon industry. It is recommended that industry associations appeal more, not only to get government financial support, but also to protect policies for infant industries (such as taxes and subsidies, special credit policies, etc.).
Polysilicon is a high-energy-consuming industry. Foreign polysilicon plants are built in areas with abundant power resources and low prices. It is recommended that relevant departments research and develop corresponding electricity price policies for the polysilicon industry.
Strengthen basic research on polysilicon production. It is recommended that the Ministry of Science and Technology set up a national-level technical research center in the existing large-scale enterprises to carry out basic research on polysilicon, such as research on new process technologies for solar-grade polysilicon, research on large-scale reduction furnaces, and research on comprehensive utilization of by-products.
In the field of polysilicon, Lin Biqing relies on technology transfer and joint ventures with foreign companies. Therefore, it is impossible to lose illusions, work hard on polysilicon technology research and development, and jointly research and develop new technologies and processes for polysilicon production.
In addition, the model of multi-investment of foreign polysilicon manufacturers can be used for reference. Combining upstream and downstream enterprises through equity participation, diversified investment, expanding scale, reducing costs, and forming a complete semiconductor industry chain with independent research and development and supply. If the quality of domestically produced products is reliable, Good value for money, we will give priority to it.
Feng Dizhi currently faces a severe situation in the supply of polysilicon. As the driving force of the photovoltaic industry increases, the shortage of polysilicon supply will intensify, and the new capacity of polysilicon enterprises has been locked in by some enterprises to accelerate China's polysilicon materials. The development of the industry is not waiting for us. Therefore, the state is called upon to formulate preferential policies to support the research of new technologies and new technologies under the premise of the same cost to foreign enterprises.
Judging from the current situation in China, there are many enterprises and places that want to go to polysilicon projects. However, the polysilicon industry not only has high technical thresholds, but also requires a professional team to ensure the operation. Therefore, the relevant state departments should strictly examine the polysilicon projects. And restrictions.
What specific suggestions are there for the research and development of polysilicon industrialization technology in China?
Yang Yu'an's improvement of the production technology of electronic grade polysilicon above 1000 tons and the research and development of low-cost SOG silicon production technology based on this should be the focus and direction of formulating the research and development plan of polysilicon industry technology.
During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, in order to realize the industrialization of polysilicon using the modified Siemens process, it is recommended to carry out the following research: low-power consumption polysilicon generation reactor technology based on SiHCl3 hydrogen reduction method; H2, HCl in dry recovery SiHCl3, SiCl4 mixed gas large capacity oil-free lubrication and pressurization device; SiCl4 hydrogenation reactor feed system control technology device; large multi-side line SiHCl3 high-efficiency purification technology device; automatic control configuration technology for kiloton-class polysilicon production system.
Organizations of polysilicon, silicon chips and solar silicon wafers jointly studied the effects of impurities in polysilicon on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar silicon cells, determined the relationship between SOG silicon purity and SOG silicon industrial economics, and formulated SOG for solar photovoltaic silicon cells. Silicon quality standards to avoid the increase in SOG silicon production costs for blindly reducing certain types of impurities in SOG silicon production.
Yan Dazhou has the following key points in the technology development and innovation integration of China's polysilicon industry:
In the aspect of large-scale power-saving reduction furnace technology, further research on large-scale reduction furnace technology including 36 pairs of rods and 48 pairs of rods, researching the supporting polycrystalline silicon growth process, production equipment, power supply equipment and reduction furnace start-up equipment, so that the reduction furnace is directly charged. The consumption control is below 150 kWh/kg, which greatly reduces the production cost of polysilicon and meets the demand for the construction of polysilicon industrialized production lines of 1,000 tons/year, 2000 tons/year or even larger.
Second, in the field of high-efficiency purification technology innovation integration, explore new purification processes, technologies and equipment suitable for polysilicon production, through innovative integration, for the purification of raw materials for polysilicon production.
Third, in the development of by-product recycling technology, a large amount of silicon tetrachloride is produced in polysilicon production. Although it can be converted into trichlorosilane by hydrogenation technology, it solves the problem of a large number of by-products, but with the domestic and foreign gas phase white carbon The demand for black, high-purity quartz and optical fiber preforms is growing, and the demand for high-purity silicon tetrachloride raw materials that meet various quality requirements is growing. The development of various high-purity silicon tetrachlorides suitable for the above requirements will be further solved. The technology realizes the technical problems related to industrialization and improves the added value of the by-product silicon tetrachloride. In the development of fluidized bed polysilicon production process, at present, in the foreign polysilicon production technology, in addition to the process of producing polysilicon by Siemens method, There are silane thermal decomposition to produce rod-shaped, granular polysilicon process and SiH2Cl2 thermal decomposition to produce polysilicon process. These methods have their own characteristics and exist at the same time.
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