Vegetable Management Technology in Open Field after Autumn
After the beginning of the autumn, the cultivation of open field vegetables entered the peak season. In this issue, we provide reference and reference for the cultivation management of open vegetables, through the summarization of experience and analysis of deficiency.
parsley:
Current management pays attention to "three defenses"
Coriander, not resistant to high temperatures, like a cool climate, planted in the hot and rainy summer and autumn, prone to convulsions, "red stalks", rotten hearts and other issues.
The coriander that is planted in the open field in summer and autumn is not convulsed because of the low temperature in the seedling stage, but it will be twitched due to the long-term sunshine (conditions) in summer and autumn. This requires the selection of coriander-resistant coriander varieties in production. In addition, strengthen the management of fertilizer and water (the whole growth period of coriander should be poured 5 to 7 times, the first three waters, once every 10 days, every 6 to 7 days from the fourth water. When pouring water, lightly pick up Miao fertilizer, about 10 kg of urea per acre, after each pouring 2 to 3 times of water to catch a urea, 10 to 12.5 kg per acre), can also reduce the occurrence of convulsions.
Anti-"red stalk" Coriander "red stalk", that is, the stem and leaf parts of coriander changed from green to red, reducing the commercial value of coriander, and the purchase price was halved. The coriander grown in the open field in summer and autumn will be reddened by strong light, especially when the seedlings are too late (plant height exceeds 8 cm). In order to prevent the emergence of "red stalks" in coriander, first, morning seedlings, in the production, seedlings up to 3 cm high seedlings should be suitable, and keep the plant spacing after seedlings at about 2 cm; second, cover the shade net, conditional Farmers can take a scaffolding of 80-100 cm high after sowing, and the shed is covered with a layer of shade net.
The rain-proof summer and autumn seasons have more rain, which is very harmful to the coriander seedlings just after emergence. After the heavy rain, it will suddenly turn fine, which will easily lead to the bad heart of the parsley. After the rain, lightly pour the well water, the amount is not to submerge the seedlings, it can prevent the coriander from being bad.
Ginger: It is necessary to "two bogey"
Avoid excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer after the autumn, as the temperature gradually declines, the nutrients of the stems and leaves of the ginger will gradually return to the underground tubers to promote their expansion. If high-nitrogen fertilizer is still applied in this period, it will inevitably lead to prolonged growth. Plant nutrients will be consumed and used in stem and leaf growth, while nutrients accumulated in underground tubers will decrease, resulting in a decrease in yield. It is understood that there are many farmers who are applying high-nitrogen fertilizers in this period, and there are more than 100 kilograms of mu. It is reminded that in this period, the fertilizer should be topdressed in accordance with the demand ratio of ginger, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to 3:1:4.
It is understood that in recent years, there have been more and more farmers using mechanical soil, which has increased the damage to ginger roots to some extent (because the bottom of the groove cultivated by the tiller is about 20 cm wide, The ridge height is about 40 cm, and the artificial soil is about 10 cm wide and the ridge height is about 35 cm. Once the ginger root system is injured, it will inevitably affect the absorption of nutrients and water, thus hindering growth. At the same time, due to root injury, the disease resistance is reduced, which is likely to lead to aggravation of soil-borne diseases. In addition to the current rainy season, the possibility of spread of the disease is very high. So how do you avoid it? First, artificial soil should be used as much as possible. If soil is cultivated with a soil tiller, attention should be paid to the depth, and the height of the ridge should be 30 cm. Second, if the method of soiling cannot be changed, it can be avoided by adjusting the growth direction of the underground tubers. More roots, that is, when sowing ginger, consciously planting the ginger mother perpendicular to the planting line, so that the ginger and the sun ginger are also perpendicular to the planting line. When the soil is cultivated, the whole tuber is perpendicular to the planting line, and the fleshy root The lateral roots and capillary roots are extended in the direction of planting, and will not be excessively damaged when the soil is cultivated.
In addition, after the ginger soil is topdressed, avoid watering immediately. It is recommended to water again every other day to facilitate the healing of the ginger root wound.
Potato: strict "three customs" in production
Soak the seeds and germination to cut the selected potato pieces, cut them into two pieces along the top and down, rinse the solution and starch exuded from the incision with cold water, then soak them in 1% lime water for 1 hour, then take them out and put them in the shade. Dry and germination. Natural germination method can be used to germination, choose a place with cool ventilation and low temperature, cut the potato into small pieces (one to three buds per piece), then wash the juice with cold water, dry it, and then use the moist sand in the room. Layered cover germination, stacking three or four layers, the grass cover to keep moisture, the temperature is maintained at about 20 °C. When the bud is 1 to 1.5 cm long, take it out and put it in the cool place for 1-3 days to sown.
Sowing the potato during the autumn sowing period, if there is a long dry and dry weather, the soil moisture is small, the plant will lose water and shrink, lose vitality and cause lack of seedlings. In this case, the seed should be disposed of first, and then planted when the soil is full. The field is made up of 3 meters wide, and the planting ditch is dug, with a line spacing of 40 to 50 cm. 1 to 2 days before sowing, diversion in the diversion channel. When sowing, loosen the soil layer first, then place the seeds at a plant spacing of 25 cm. In case of large sunny days, it is best to carry out before 10 am or after 5 pm, and carry out wrong planting between the lines to facilitate ventilation and light transmission in the field. After sowing, cover the straw surface with straw or wheat straw, and remove it after 20% to 30% of the emergence. The sowing period of autumn potato is in the middle of September, generally 5500~6000 points per acre. When the seedling height is about 15 cm, the soil is cultivated to increase soil permeability.
Topdressing and Peiguanguan soil are very important for potato cultivation. It can increase the number of stems that are not in the soil, induce more litchi to form tubers, and avoid litchi to see light without potato or potato. Stop growing. Due to covering straw or wheat straw, the seedling stage may not be soiled, and the soil is harvested once before and after the 12-leaf period.
Autumn potato needs more fat, and the growth period is short. It should be based on base fertilizer. Look at the seedlings for 2 to 3 times. The seeding period should be followed by a potato fertilizer, 25 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per acre. Combined with the soil; the potato stage (before and after flowering) was sprayed with 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 3% urea solution for 1 or 2 times. In addition, the water management of autumn potato, on the one hand, to prevent waterlogging and rotten potato during the seedling period, on the other hand to prevent water shortage during the potato-forming period, the potato is extremely sensitive to water before and after flowering, and water shortage will cause serious production loss. When irrigating, dip the ditch with small water, and it is not advisable to pass over the surface. (Feng Guorong)
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