Technical points for planting summer fruit trees
Summer is the peak season for fruit growth. Summer management is a key link in the annual growth cycle of fruit trees. The level of management is not only affecting the yield and fruit quality of the year, but also the yield of the coming year. Therefore, farmers should attach great importance to it. Fruit tree summer management.
1. Soil and fertilizer management
Cultivating can keep the soil loose, prevent soil moisture from evaporating, and remove weeds. Should be 15 to 20 days once, the general depth is 5 to 10 cm, and should be cultivated in time after rain or after irrigation. Young orchards should leave enough nutrients to plant shallow roots and dwarf crops between rows. Green manure, beans and other plants should be planted in the mature orchard to improve soil fertility.
The orchard is covered with grass, especially mountain orchards or long-term water-deficient orchards. Covering grass is to cover plant stalks, weeds, leaves, etc. in the orchard, so that the orchard ground can maintain 15 to 20 cm of grass quilt all year round, in order to increase fertilizer, store water, kill grass, no-till, antifreeze and improve soil. Water, fertilizer, gas, heat conditions. After the wheat harvest in June, wheat straw can be used to cover the orchard.
The top dressing of the roots is carried out in the leaves of the fruit trees until the beginning of September, once every 20 days, with 0.3% urea or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.3% potassium sulfate or foliar or photosynthetic micro-fertilizer spray. Spraying time should be carried out before 10 o'clock in the morning or after 16 o'clock in the afternoon, so as to avoid phytotoxicity caused by poor absorption. Ground top dressing mainly in the fruit development period and the fruit hard core period, the application of NPK compound fertilizer or phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and other quick-acting fertilizers, the application must be combined with rainwater or irrigation when the hole application or ditch application.
For example, early fruit trees such as cherries should be replenished in time after fruit harvesting, and can be applied to fully decomposed human excrement or cake fertilizer to promote flower bud differentiation. The irrigated fruit trees are carried out in the stages of growth, fruit development, fruit enlargement and fruit ripening, and the drought needs timely irrigation. Rainwater is concentrated in July-August, and drainage should be paid. Before the rainy season, the drainage system should be repaired to eliminate surface runoff and keep the drainage channels open. For example, cherries, peach trees and other species are most afraid of cockroaches, so the rainy season must promptly exclude water in the garden to ensure the normal growth of fruit trees.
2. Flower management
When the flowering period of the jujube is high and the air humidity is low, in order to increase the fruit setting rate, spray the water on the canopy with a sprayer at 10 o'clock in the morning on sunny days or after 17 o'clock in the afternoon, every 3 to 5 days, until Take the fruit. Eliminate malformed fruit, diseased fruit, over-density fruit, small fruit, leave large fruit, and keep good fruit. The amount of fruit retained depends on the tree, and the branches of the tree are often left, and the weak branches are weak.
Fruit trees such as apples and pears are generally kept in an equidistant method, that is, 1 fruit is left at intervals of 20 cm; 1 cm of short pomegranate leaves are kept in 1 cm of pomegranate, leaving a single fruit; the result of strong growth of grapes is 2 For the ear, the middle branch has one ear; the ginkgo should also be appropriately thinned to maintain a proper load to prevent large and small years from appearing. Fruit bagging is to increase the surface finish of the fruit, reduce pesticide pollution, and improve the commerciality of the fruit.
The bagging time is generally carried out after the fruit tree has finished the physiological fruit drop. Depending on the tree species, different types of paper bags, such as double-layer bags or single-layer bags, monochrome bags or two-color bags, such as double-color bags for pears and transparent monochrome bags for grapes, are used. Before the bagging, a bactericide and insecticide should be sprayed once. After the liquid is dried, the bagging starts. After the spraying, the set is completed within 2 days, and the refilling is required after the expiration.
3. Summer pruning
In order to maintain the canopy ventilation, the light transmission conditions are good, the contradiction between growth and the result is adjusted, and summer trimming is performed if necessary. Its main work content is topping, twisting, thinning, pulling, and supporting. Topping off the top of the new shoots in the same year, the top buds in the top of the heart are germinated to emit more side branches, increase the amount of branches, enlarge the crown, and promote flower bud differentiation. Generally, the extension head of the backbone branch is hoeed at 30 to 50 cm.
Twisted branches are aimed at the back of the year, when the base is semi-lignified, twisting it or twisting its base, which inhibits the growth and promotes the flowering. Elimination of dense branches, competitive branches or unusable long branches, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the canopy, can reduce the degree of pests and diseases. The principle of thinning is to go straight to stay oblique, to weaken and stay strong, to stay in front of. Change the direction of the branches and increase the angle of the branches by means of squatting, pulling, supporting, and sinking to alleviate the growth potential of the branches and promote the formation of branches and flower buds.
4. Pest control
The main diseases are rot disease, dry rot, etc., which should be smeared with "843" healing agent after scraping the disease spots and sawing off the diseased branches. Cherry flow gum disease: After scraping the lesion, apply 5 degree stone sulfur mixture or 100 times methyl thiophanate solution. Peach tree crown rot is spread on the diseased department with 64% anti-virus 矾100 solution, once every 10 days, the treatment effect is good.
For the beetle, the gibberella, the winged moth, etc., the adult is sprayed twice for 90 to 15 times, or the pyrethroid pesticide is closed for 10 to 15 days, or the adult feathers are used to kill the branches. Capture in the morning, or manually use a wire hook to dig the trunk of the tree, kill the larvae or inject 50-100 times 90% trichlorfon into the wormhole, and then block the wormhole with mud or cotton balls to kill the larvae. . Apple early leaf disease, grape downy mildew, pear black spot disease, black spot disease, jujube rust disease, persimmon spot disease, chestnut powdery mildew, etc., can choose Bordeaux mixture, methyl thiophanate, mancozeb, spray Ke, Dasheng-m45, carbendazim, toxic mycelium, ethylphosphorus aluminum, epidemic cream, powder rust, polysulfide and other agents for prevention and treatment.
There are pests such as red spider, aphid, pear hibiscus, chafer, leaf curler, moth, star caterpillar, etc., using anthrone, imidacloprid, avermectin, phoxim, trichlorfon, mothon, and chlorfenapyr Good control can be achieved by controlling pesticides such as dichlorvos. Rotational disease, anthracnose, black spot disease, white rot, gray mold, etc., can be controlled by pesticides such as Bordeaux mixture, carbendazim, mancozeb, anthrax, acesulfame, and chlorhexidine. The fruit-eating pests mainly include peach, pear, and pear, and can be sprayed by using Tao Xiaoling, chlorpyrifos, and phoxim.
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