Zhang Xiaogang, deputy to the National People's Congress, is the party secretary and general manager of Angang Group. In 2011, he was elected president of the worldsteel at the 45th annual meeting of the worldsteel. As the first president of the World Steel Association from mainland China, he believes that in the face of increasingly competitive world steel industry, China's steel industry must constantly adapt to the requirements of internationalization, marketization and modernization. "Don't be big to grow bigger, because bigger is not necessarily strong." Zhang Xiaogang proposed that the steel industry should adjust the direction of the industry in a timely manner and improve the grade of scientific research projects. Only in this way can we gradually change from the "follower" of core technology to the "leader" and lead the new technological revolution in the steel industry. In Zhang Xiaogang's view, the more difficult it is, the more it is necessary to give full play to people's initiative. Only by actively innovating can we win opportunities. According to reports, a large number of "green products" of Anshan Iron and Steel has been put on the market, and signed a carbon dioxide emission reduction purchase agreement with the European carbon fund, Camco International Co., Ltd. In overseas distribution, Angang and the British Stanco Group established the “Angang (UK) Holding Company†in the United Kingdom to jointly acquire 2/3 of the US US processing line. In addition, several major giants in China's steel industry – Angang, CITIC, Baosteel, Shougang and Taigang joined forces to jointly purchase 15% of the Brazilian mining and metallurgical company, the world's largest antimony mining company, and completed the Chinese steel industry. Another international cooperation plan. The success of overseas cooperation projects has enabled Chinese steel companies to see the fruits of their industrial upgrading strategy. Zhang Xiaogang said: "These positive attempts have given us a lesson in steel companies. I believe that as China's steel industry accelerates its nationalization, it may encounter similar things in the future and needs to be fully prepared and will Actively responding.†China Steel, once crowned the title of “profiteeringâ€. However, Zhang Xiaogang believes that with the constant changes in the economic environment, “micro-profit†management has become the main theme of the development of the industry, which is an inevitable trend in the development of the world steel industry. “At present, market demand is changing rapidly, and users' needs are becoming increasingly diversified. Only by adapting to such changes and keeping up with the needs of users can we win users and win the market.†How to keep up with changes in market and user demand? Zhang Xiaogang gave the answer: If a product wants to surpass others and become the user's first choice, it needs to be able to meet the customer's differentiated needs and understand the customer's requirements in order to have a clear customer base. At the same time, prices are especially important. He believes that in the current severe economic situation, it is very important to save money while ensuring the task of scientific research and development.
Spring Washer
A ring split at one point and bent into a helical shape. This causes the washer to exert a spring force between the fastener's head and the substrate, which maintains the washer hard against the substrate and the bolt thread hard against the nut or substrate thread, creating more friction and resistance to rotation. Applicable standards are ASME B18.21.1, DIN 127 B.
Spring washers are a left hand helix and allow the thread to be tightened in a right hand direction only, i.e. a clockwise direction. When a left hand turning motion is applied, the raised edge bites into the underside of the bolt or nut and the part that it is bolted to, thus resisting turning. Therefore, spring washers are ineffective on left hand threads and hardened surfaces. Also, they are not to be used in conjunction with a Flat Washer under the spring washer, as this isolates the spring washer from biting into the component that will resist turning.
The use and effectiveness of spring lock washers has been debated, with some publications advising against their use on the grounds that, when tight, the washer is flat against the substrate and gives no more resistance to rotation than a normal washer at the same torque. However, a spring washer will continue to hold the bolt against the substrate and maintain friction when loosened slightly, whereas a plain washer will not.
The benefit of spring lock washers lies in the trapezoidal shape of the washer. When compressed to loads near the proof strength of the bolt, it will twist and flatten. This reduces the spring rate of the bolted joint which allows it to maintain more force under the same vibration levels. This prevents loosening.
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