Safe construction measures "Sambo", "Four", "Five sides"

I. "Sambo" and high work

(a) "Sambo"

"Sambo" refers to the hard hats, seat belts, and safety nets necessary for on-site construction work. To enter the construction site, operators must first master the correct use of Sanbao and achieve the effect of assisting prevention.

1, hard hat

The safety helmet is used to prevent or reduce the impact of external shocks and collisions on the head.
(1) Check if the housing is damaged. If it is damaged, the performance of its decomposition and reduction of external impact force has been weakened or lost and it cannot be reused.
(2) Check whether there is a qualified cap lining. The function of the cap lining is to absorb and relieve the impact force. If the safety cap has no cap lining, it will lose the function of protecting the head.
(3) Check that the cap is complete.
(4) Adjust the distance between cap liners (about 4~5cm) before adjusting and adjust caps. After caps are worn, caps must be fastened.
(5) In the field operation, the safety helmet shall not be set aside or used as a cushion.

2, seat belts

Seat belts are protective equipment for high-risk workers to prevent injuries.
(1) The seat belt that has been inspected by the quality inspection department should be used.
(2) It is not allowed to dismantle the various accessories of the seat belt without authorization. Before use, it is necessary to carefully inspect each part without damage.
(3) During use, seat belts should be high and low in use, and should prevent swings and collisions, avoid spikes and contact with open flames, and should not be hung directly on the safety ropes, and should generally be hung on the connecting rings.
(4) It is forbidden to use knotted and succeeded safety ropes to prevent the waist from being hurt by large impact force when falling.
(5) The hooks and loops of the seat belts should be hung on the mooring points during operation, and the cards should be fastened to prevent falling off.
(6) When using a seatbelt in a low-temperature environment, care should be taken to prevent the safety cord from cracking hard.
(7) After use, place the seat belt and rope into a place where there is no chemical agent and sunlight, and do not fold. Apply some oil to metal fittings to prevent rust.
(8) The period of use of the seat belt is 3 to 5 years. In the second period, the safety rope should be replaced in time. If the belt is broken, it should be scrapped in advance.

3, safety net

Safety nets are used to prevent people and objects from falling, or to avoid or reduce the fall and physical damage.
(1) The safety net used at the construction site must have a product quality inspection certificate, and the old net must have a certificate that allows use.
(2) According to the installation form and purpose of use, safety nets can be divided into flat nets and vertical nets. Construction site can replace flat net.
(3) Before the installation, the nets and supports (frames) must be inspected. The supports (frames) must have sufficient strength, rigidity and stability, and there must be no supporting corners and sharp edges at the nets. Only when they are correct, can they be installed. .
(4) When carrying the safety net, the use of hooks is prohibited, and it is forbidden to drag the net over rough surfaces or sharp edges.
(5) The installation and dismantling of the safety net at the construction site shall be conducted in strict accordance with the arrangements of the person in charge of the construction, and the safety net shall not be arbitrarily demolished.
(6) In the course of use, it is not allowed to randomly throw debris or tear off the mesh on the Internet.
(7) At the time of installation, at each knot, the side rope should be tightly supported by the support (frame) and connected with a separate tether. The knots should be evenly distributed along the edge of the net. The distance should not be greater than 750mm. . The knots should be in accordance with the principle of convenient knotting, firm connection and easy disentangling, and stress relief. When the ribbed net is installed, the ribs must also be attached to the support (frame).
(8) When multiple nets are connected, the adjacent parts shall be tight or overlapped, and the connecting rope material shall be the same as the net, and the strength shall not be lower than the net rope strength.
(9) It is advisable to install a flat net with a height of 150 or higher, and the net should not be tightly fastened.
(10) When erecting the net, the installation plane shall be horizontal and vertical, and the bottom of the grid shall be fully enclosed with the scaffold.
(11) Ensure that the safety net is evenly distributed. Online litter must be cleaned regularly and there must be no accumulation in the net.
(12) After the safety net is installed, it must be checked by qualified personnel before it can be used.

(B), high work

Work at heights refers to work performed at heights that may fall 2m above the descent height (including 2m).
(1) The safety technical measures and materials required for work at high altitudes must be included in the construction organization design of the project.
(2) Prior to construction, safety technical education and disclosure shall be carried out step by step, all safety technical measures and personal protective equipment shall be implemented, and construction shall not be carried out without implementation.
(3) Safety signs, tools, instruments, electrical facilities and various equipment in high-rise operations must be inspected before construction to ensure that they are in good condition before they can be put into use.
(4) Climbing and vacating high-level workers and personnel who set up high-level workplace safety facilities must pass professional technical training and professional examinations, hold certificates, and must conduct regular physical examinations.
(5) Open-air climbing and high altitude operations are not allowed in bad weather.
(6) The protective measures used in high-level operations shall not be dismantled without permission. However, the temporary dismantling of the operation must be approved by the construction manager of the project manager, and corresponding reliable measures shall be taken. The operation shall be resumed immediately.
(7) In the process of detachment, protective door installations at high altitudes should be set up to guard people in the guard area, and it is forbidden to dismantle at the same time.
(8) The main stress components of safety equipment at high altitudes are mechanically calculated according to the general structural mechanics formula. The strength and stiffness calculations do not take into account plastic effects, and the structure should comply with the requirements of the current relevant regulations.

Second, hole and edge operations safety protection

(a), hole work

1, "four mouths"
(1) Staircase mouth (2) Elevator wellhead (3) Reserve hole (including construction site pile hole, manhole, anti-Cao)
(4) Access port
2. Security protection for openings (1) For openings such as floor slabs, roofs and platforms where the size of the short side is 2.5 to 25 cm, a solid cover must be provided to prevent displacement.
(2) Holes of 25cm × 25cm - 50cm × 50cm must be provided with a fixed cover plate, which is to be kept in a balanced manner around it, and there are measures to fix its position.
(3) A 50cm×50cm-150cm×150cm hole must be embedded with a long steel mesh. The spacing between vertical and horizontal rebars must not be greater than 15cm; or the scaffolding plate should be full, and the scaffolding should be tied and fixed. Licensing must not be moved at will.
(4) 150 cm × 150 cm or more openings, must be set up around the maintenance frame, and set up two protective railings, horizontal safety nets hanging in the middle of the hole, the network must be tied around the tight, tight.
(5) The openings, deep trenches, pits, trenches, etc., which are located next to the vehicle's road, shall be capable of withstanding a load not less than 2 times the effective load-carrying capacity of the local rated truck rear wheels.
(6) The vertical openings in the wall, etc., where the floor opening should be provided with protective doors or tied guard rails, set footrests. For vertical openings below 80cm, a 1.2m high protective railing should be added.
(7) The elevator wells must be equipped with metal protection doors of not less than 1.2 meters. A horizontal safety net shall be provided every 10 meters above the first floor of the well and the safety net shall be closed. Without the approval of the superior competent technical department, no vertical transport passages and garbage passages are allowed in the lift shaft.
(8) Lighting devices and safety signs must be set in the openings.

(B), the side job

1. "Five Edges"
"Five Edges" is the five types of borderline operations. When working on the side of the plant, it will be planted at the construction site, and there will be maintenance work at the edge of the working surface without the maintenance facility or the height of the facility at the height of 800mm.
The perimeter of the pit has not been installed with balustrades or balustrades around the balcony, material platform, or platform.
Awnings and provocative edges; stratified construction of stairways and floor sections.
No scaffolding on the roof and floor perimeter; around the water tanks and water towers.
Derrick construction elevators and scaffolding etc. with both sides of the building access.
2. Safeguarding of side-by-side operations (1) Perimeter of balconies without railings or footrests, perimeter of roofs without external frames, perimeter of frame structures, awnings and provocative edges, perimeters of water tanks and water towers, and sides of chutes Outside of the unloading platform, two guard rails of 1.2m height must be set and a footrest with a height of no less than 18cm must be set or a fixed vertical net should be set up.
(2) In addition to the design calculation of the guardrail, when the length of the crossbar is greater than 2 meters, the railing column, the fixing of the railing column and the connection with the crossbar must be added, and the overall structure should be able to withstand 1000N in any direction at any position. External force.
(3) When the outside of the border faces the street, except for protective railings, the open facade must be fully covered with a small eye safety net or other reliable measures to be fully closed.
(4) Temporary protection fences must be installed at the stairway, stairway side and rest platform at the stratified construction, and formal protective railings should be installed along the progress of the project structure at the top floor stairway. A horizontal safety net shall be provided on the first floor of the rotary staircase and a horizontal safety net shall be provided on every fourth floor.
(5) Balustrade fences shall be installed in time with the progress of the project structure.

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