Main use of common machine tools (mechanical basics)
The lathe is mainly used to machine various rotary surfaces and end faces of the rotary body. For example, turning inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, conical surfaces, ring grooves and forming rotary surfaces, turning end faces and various commonly used threads, with process equipment can also process various special shapes. Drilling, reaming, reaming, knurling, etc. can also be done on the lathe.
Milling machine A versatile machine tool that can machine planes (horizontal, vertical), grooves (keyways, T-slots, dovetails, etc.) and split parts (gear, spline shaft, sprocket, spiral) Shaped surface (thread, spiral groove) and various curved surfaces. In addition, it can also be used to machine and cut the surface of the rotating body, etc. When the milling machine is working, the workpiece is mounted on the workbench or on the indexing head. The milling cutter rotates as the main motion, supplemented by the feed motion of the table or the milling head, and the workpiece can obtain the required machining surface. Because of the multi-knife interrupted cutting, the productivity of the milling machine is high.
The insertion bed is mainly used for processing various planes (such as horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces and various grooves, such as T-shaped grooves, dovetail grooves, V-shaped grooves, etc.) and linear forming surfaces. If equipped with a contouring device, it can also process space surfaces such as turbine wheels, spiral grooves, etc. This type of machine tool has a simple tool structure and does not cut when returning, so the productivity is low, and it is generally used for single-piece small batch production.
The boring machine is suitable for plane milling and hole machining of parts produced in single or small batches in the machine shop. The end of the headstock is designed with a flat disk radial tool holder for precise boring of larger holes and planes. In addition, drilling, reaming and threading are also possible.
A grinding machine for grinding a workpiece with a grinding abrasive (grinding wheel, abrasive belt, whetstone or abrasive, etc.) as a tool, collectively referred to as a grinding machine. Grinding machines can process a variety of surfaces, such as inner and outer cylindrical and conical surfaces, planes, gear tooth surfaces, spiral surfaces and various molding surfaces, as well as sharpening tools and cutting, etc., the process range is very wide. Since the grinding process is easy to obtain high machining accuracy and good surface quality, the grinding machine is mainly used for finishing parts, especially for hardened steel parts and high hardness special materials.
Drilling machines are versatile machine tools for a wide range of applications, such as drilling, reaming, reaming, boring and tapping. When equipped with process equipment on the radial drilling machine, it can also be used for boring; the universal drilling table (MDT-180 type) can be equipped on the drill, and the keyway can be milled.
Gear processing machine gears are the most commonly used transmission components, cylindrical gears with straight, helical and herringbone teeth, bevel gears with straight and spiral teeth, worm gears and non-circular gears. A machine tool that processes the surface of a gear tooth is called a gear machining machine.
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