Hydroponic melon cultivation technology
2023-10-14 08:08:35
I. Cultivation Facilities
1; build a rainproof shed, insect net. The shed is covered on the steel pipe shed, and the sheds on both sides are suspended from the circlip groove by 0.8~1 m, and the skirt film is underneath. When it rains, the shed film on both sides is put down for rain, and the two sheds are open and ventilated. The shed film is covered with a layer of 40 mesh insect net (including the shed head), which is reinforced with a film line to prevent blasting.
2. Hydroponic facilities. Hydroponics was carried out using a sponge micropipette. Hydroponics facilities include cultivation systems, circulation systems, and control systems. A sponge of 35 cm width and 2 cm thickness was placed in the cultivation bed, and a micropipette with a filtering device and a hole spacing of 20 cm was placed on the upper surface, and the dropping holes were upward.
Second, the facility disinfection
Thoroughly clean the environment inside and outside the greenhouse before planting, and do a good job in disinfecting the cultivation facilities and the ground. The shed film is disinfected with formalin 100 times liquid, and the cultivation bed, liquid storage tank, water pipe, etc. are soaked and washed with 0.5% bleaching powder solution, and the nutrient bowl, micropipette, sponge is soaked or poured with boiling water, and the ground is applied. Quicklime, covering the mulch.
Third, cultivate strong seedlings
1. Variety selection. Choose pearls 200, West Boluo and Yulu, which are resistant to disease, heat, fruit, high yield and high quality. ,
2. Sowing date. Sowing in the middle and late July, the fruit expansion period is g month, and the maturity period is in October. This phenological period is conducive to the expansion of melon fruit and increase the sugar content of the fruit.
3. sowing. The seeds are disinfected with 10% trisodium phosphate or 40% formaldehyde 100 times, and then sown in a seedling tray of ash (pH 5.5-6.5) with a sunshade and placed in a rainproof shed. .
4, seedling management. In the autumn, the melon can be emerged 3 days after sowing, and the shading on the seedling tray is removed to keep the ash matrix moist. After the heart leaves are unfolded, the seedlings are soaked for 10 minutes with 800 times of root disease, then planted on the nursery bed, and covered with black shade net to avoid direct sunlight.
5. Colonization. The standard of strong seedlings is: the branches and leaves are intact, no pests and diseases, the leaves are thick green and thick, the stems are thick and strong, the knots are short, and the roots are white and complete. The seedling age is controlled at 20-25 days, that is, 2 leaves 1Jb period. A few days before planting, the shading net on the seedbed was removed to refine the seedlings, and the chlorothalonil 800 times solution or carbendazim was sprayed once. At the time of planting, the roots of the seedlings were placed in the net 800 times solution of the root disease for 5 minutes, and then planted in the cultivation bed. Three cultivation beds are laid in a 6-meter-wide shed. The length of each bed is no more than 20 meters. Each shed is planted with 6 rows, 2 rows per bed, with a plant spacing of 40 cm, and 1500 seedlings per 667 square meters. ,
Fourth, nutrient solution management
1. The nutrient solution was prepared according to the Japanese garden test formula. Developed by the Xingjin Horticulture Experimental Site in Japan, the formula is suitable for a variety of vegetable crops and is a universal formula. The concentration is expressed in grams of various salts in 1000 liters of water: calcium nitrate 950, potassium nitrate 810, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 155; magnesium sulfate 500, chelated iron 25, manganese sulfate 2, boric acid 3, zinc sulfate 0.22 , copper sulfate 0.05, ammonium molybdate 0.02.
2. pH adjustment. The pH value of the nutrient solution directly affects the effective concentration of each nutrient and the optimum pH of the melon in the rhizosphere environment of melon is 6.8. The pH of the nutrient solution is controlled at 6.5-7, such as partial acid or alkali, and the oil or alkali is diluted in time to adjust.
3. EC value adjustment. EC (conductivity) is an indicator of the salt concentration of a solution and is usually expressed in millisiemens (mS). The hydroponic nutrient solution must be a non-polluting low-conductivity nutrient solution, and the dissolved oxygen should be maximized while ensuring that the plant is fully and reasonably nutritious. Because at the same pressure and temperature, the dissolved oxygen level in the nutrient solution decreases as the salt content increases. High concentrations of soluble salts can also damage plants or cause root death in plants.
The initial EC value of melon was 1-1.4 mS/cm, the EC value of the vine was 1.3-1.8 mS/cm, and the EC value of fruit expansion was 1.8-2.2 mS/ cm. Melon should add 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the nutrient solution during the pumping period to promote the stout and improve the quality of female flower differentiation. During the expansion period of melon fruit, potassium nitrate is added every 15 days to accelerate fruit enlargement and increase the level of potassium in the fruit, and improve yield and quality.
4. Water level regulation and rhizosphere oxygen supply. At the initial stage of planting, the roots of melons are small, and the water level in the cultivation bed should be kept at 5-6 cm. It is better to soak the plants with nutrient solution. When the melon roots are tied into the sponge, the water level can be gradually reduced to 2 cm with the growth period to promote the occurrence of a large number of aerial roots. When the nutrient solution is supplied, the upper part of the root supply is completed by the micropipette, and the lower part of the root is fed by the sponge medium to supply water. Autumn melon should shorten the liquid supply interval (5 minutes supply, 15 minutes to stop the supply), increase the number of circulation flow, it is best to add an aeration device in the reservoir to increase the dissolved oxygen of the nutrient solution.
V. Field Management
1. Pruning and fruit setting. In autumn, hydroponic melons are cultivated on stand and double vines are pruned. After planting, when the seedling grows to 4 leaves and 1 heart, the heart is topped. When the vine grows 10-15 cm, choose 2 growable and strong vines, and the rest are cut off. When the sub-management section grows to 25 knots, the topping is selected, and the two vines of the 8-12th position are selected. After Sun Man is sitting on the fruit, leave 2 leaves to pick the heart. When the young fruit grows to the size of the egg, the fruit is rounded and the size is similar. In order to increase the fruit setting rate, artificial supplementary pollination is carried out during flowering.
2. Temperature and humidity regulation. Autumn melon nutrition and reproductive growth are in the high temperature and strong light season from August to September. Installing the rainproof shed on the roof can reduce the sunlight radiation intensity, reduce the temperature inside the shed and maintain the humidity inside the shed, so that the daily temperature in the shed is 28-32~C, the night temperature is 20-25~C, and the relative humidity of the air in the shed Below 75%, the melon is placed under good growth conditions. The ripening period of the fruit is in the autumn of October. Good weather conditions are conducive to increasing the temperature difference between day and night in the shed, which has a significant effect on improving the sugar content and improving the quality of melon.
3. Integrated pest management. The use of insect-proof net covering technology and hydroponic technology can minimize the invasion and damage of pests and diseases, and has a significant effect on the prevention of aphids, viral diseases and blight. In the early stage of melon planting, rooting with 800 times liquid root solution can prevent melon disease; in the later stage of growth, powdery rust powder or emulsion can prevent powdery mildew. In the whole growth period, we must closely observe the occurrence of aphids, and use them thoroughly in a timely manner to prevent and control them.
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