Identification and control of vegetable seedling diseases
2018-08-06 19:03:33
First, common diseases in vegetable seedlings
The growth of vegetable seedlings is weak, and it is easy to be attacked by various diseases and dead seedlings, which brings great trouble to production. The common diseases of vegetable seedlings are roughly the following.
1. The diseased seedlings caused by the disease were excavated before emergence, and the disease occurred after emergence. The surface of the stem showed pale brown water-stained lesions. The lesions circled the stem for 1 week, then became soft, the epidermis fell off, the diseased part collapsed, and the stem appeared in line. shape. The disease is rapidly onset, and the upper part of the lesion is not folded and the symptoms are collapsed.
2. After the emergence of the seedlings of the blight, the disease appeared on the base of the stem, and the oval lesions appeared at the base of the stem. The lesions are wrapped around the stem for 1 week, causing the contracture to dry up, the plants wilting or standing upright, and generally do not fall.
3. The disease of the wilt disease seedlings, the base of the stem becomes yellow and contracted, and the cotyledons or whole plants are wilted. When it is wet, watery rot is formed at the base of the stem, and the affected part is fissure-like and the surface grows white or pink mildew.
4, 沤 root This is because of the physiological diseases caused by low temperature and humidity, the underground roots are rust-colored, perishable, no new roots, the edge of the upper leaves becomes yellow, easy to burn, and the seedlings are wilting and easy to pull up.
5. Pathogenesis of leaves and stems of gray mold. The lesions are watery and rotten. When the humidity is high, a large number of gray-brown mold layers are produced. The lesions are irregular and dry at the end, often broken from the diseased area.
Second, the prevention and treatment of common diseases
1. Select resistant varieties for different diseases and different crops, and select resistant varieties. For example, Ziyuan eggplant is more resistant to cucumber blight than to the seedling stage, and Jinyan No.6 is more resistant to cucumber wilt.
2, seed treatment seed bacteria is an important factor leading to the onset of seedling stage, especially to pay attention to seed treatment before sowing, can take warm soup soaking and pesticide soaking two methods. Generally, soak seeds for 7 minutes with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder + 40% seed dressing double wettable powder (1:1) before sowing.
3, the use of disease-free bed soil can be divided into seedlings by nutrition or plastic sleeves, which is convenient for cultivating strong seedlings and enhancing host resistance. Seedbed seedlings can be used with 360 ml of formalin plus water 9-18 kg per square meter. Sprinkle on the seedbed 20 days before sowing, and cover the film for 4-5 days. After peeling off the film, it can be sown for two weeks.
4. Strengthening the management of nursery is to avoid the occurrence of low temperature and high humidity conditions, keep the temperature of the nursery at around 20 °C, properly control the watering, pay attention to ventilation and dehumidification, and when the humidity is too large, the grass ash and dry soil can be applied to the raft. The diseased plants were found to be removed in time.
5, the chemical control can be used 75% chlorothalonil or 75% mancozeb 500 times solution, or 64% anti-virus 矾 600 times liquid spray to prevent rickets and early blight; with 50% methyl thiophanate Wilt disease can be controlled by 400 times liquid or spray with 30% DT500 times solution; gray mold can be controlled by spraying with 50% of querking 800 times or 50% of chlorhexidine 800 times; using copper ammonium mixture (ie 10 grams of copper sulfate plus ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate 550 grams mix well, closed for 24 hours) 1 part of water plus 200 kg for spraying, can control blight and early blight.
The growth of vegetable seedlings is weak, and it is easy to be attacked by various diseases and dead seedlings, which brings great trouble to production. The common diseases of vegetable seedlings are roughly the following.
1. The diseased seedlings caused by the disease were excavated before emergence, and the disease occurred after emergence. The surface of the stem showed pale brown water-stained lesions. The lesions circled the stem for 1 week, then became soft, the epidermis fell off, the diseased part collapsed, and the stem appeared in line. shape. The disease is rapidly onset, and the upper part of the lesion is not folded and the symptoms are collapsed.
2. After the emergence of the seedlings of the blight, the disease appeared on the base of the stem, and the oval lesions appeared at the base of the stem. The lesions are wrapped around the stem for 1 week, causing the contracture to dry up, the plants wilting or standing upright, and generally do not fall.
3. The disease of the wilt disease seedlings, the base of the stem becomes yellow and contracted, and the cotyledons or whole plants are wilted. When it is wet, watery rot is formed at the base of the stem, and the affected part is fissure-like and the surface grows white or pink mildew.
4, 沤 root This is because of the physiological diseases caused by low temperature and humidity, the underground roots are rust-colored, perishable, no new roots, the edge of the upper leaves becomes yellow, easy to burn, and the seedlings are wilting and easy to pull up.
5. Pathogenesis of leaves and stems of gray mold. The lesions are watery and rotten. When the humidity is high, a large number of gray-brown mold layers are produced. The lesions are irregular and dry at the end, often broken from the diseased area.
Second, the prevention and treatment of common diseases
1. Select resistant varieties for different diseases and different crops, and select resistant varieties. For example, Ziyuan eggplant is more resistant to cucumber blight than to the seedling stage, and Jinyan No.6 is more resistant to cucumber wilt.
2, seed treatment seed bacteria is an important factor leading to the onset of seedling stage, especially to pay attention to seed treatment before sowing, can take warm soup soaking and pesticide soaking two methods. Generally, soak seeds for 7 minutes with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder + 40% seed dressing double wettable powder (1:1) before sowing.
3, the use of disease-free bed soil can be divided into seedlings by nutrition or plastic sleeves, which is convenient for cultivating strong seedlings and enhancing host resistance. Seedbed seedlings can be used with 360 ml of formalin plus water 9-18 kg per square meter. Sprinkle on the seedbed 20 days before sowing, and cover the film for 4-5 days. After peeling off the film, it can be sown for two weeks.
4. Strengthening the management of nursery is to avoid the occurrence of low temperature and high humidity conditions, keep the temperature of the nursery at around 20 °C, properly control the watering, pay attention to ventilation and dehumidification, and when the humidity is too large, the grass ash and dry soil can be applied to the raft. The diseased plants were found to be removed in time.
5, the chemical control can be used 75% chlorothalonil or 75% mancozeb 500 times solution, or 64% anti-virus 矾 600 times liquid spray to prevent rickets and early blight; with 50% methyl thiophanate Wilt disease can be controlled by 400 times liquid or spray with 30% DT500 times solution; gray mold can be controlled by spraying with 50% of querking 800 times or 50% of chlorhexidine 800 times; using copper ammonium mixture (ie 10 grams of copper sulfate plus ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate 550 grams mix well, closed for 24 hours) 1 part of water plus 200 kg for spraying, can control blight and early blight.
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