High quality, high yield and high efficiency fertilization technology for summer maize
2022-10-09 02:04:37
The amount of fertilizer required for summer maize seedlings is small, and the amount of fertilizer is large at the earing stage to the flowering stage, and then gradually decreases. The absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in summer maize with a yield of more than 7,500 kg per hectare is roughly 2.9:1:2.9. For every 100 kg of grain produced, 2.26 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.9 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 2.64 kg of potassium oxide were absorbed from the soil.
First, the effect of fertilization on increasing production
Summer corn is a crop that requires more nitrogen. Under normal circumstances, nitrogen application can increase yield by about 30%. However, as the input of nitrogen fertilizer increases, the supply of soil nutrients is out of balance, and it is necessary to balance fertilization in order to capture high yield of corn. Nitrogen and phosphorus combined with summer maize increased yield by about 47%; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined with summer maize increased yield by more than 60%.
Second, the scientific fertilization formula
Summer maize yield does not increase proportionally with the increase of fertilization amount, and exceeds a certain amount. The larger the fertilization amount, the lower the yield. A field trial is required to determine an economically sound fertilization formula.
(1) The local production formula is based on the yield of summer maize in the non-fertilization area. The ground power is divided into three levels: that is, the yield of summer maize per hectare is less than 3,750 kg for low-yield fields; 3,750 to 5,250 kg is for middle-yielding fields; for high-yield of more than 5,250 kg field. Low-yield fields: The target yield is 6000~6750 kg, and 256-224 kg of pure nitrogen, 120-150 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 0-75 kg of potassium oxide are applied per hectare. Middle-field: The target yield is 6750～8250 kg, and the application of pure nitrogen is 180-225 kg per hectare, phosphorus pentoxide is 105-120 kg, and potassium oxide is 75-105 kg. High-yield fields: The target yield is 8250-10500 kilograms, and each hectare requires 180-195 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 105 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, and 105-135 kilograms of potassium oxide.
(2) Soil testing and fertilization formula Determine the cost-effective fertilization formula by measuring soil nutrients. Soil alkaline nitrogen is less than 50 mg kg, fast-acting phosphorus is less than 15 mg/kg, and available potassium is lower than 80 mg/kg for low-yield fields; soil alkaline nitrogen is 60-110 mg/kg, and available phosphorus is 15-30 mg/kg. The available potassium is 80-120 mg/kg for middle-yield fields; the soil alkalinity exceeds 110 mg/kg, the available phosphorus exceeds 30 mg/kg, and the available potassium exceeds 120 mg/kg for high-yield fields. Low-yield fields: The target yield is 6000 kg, and each hectare requires 165-200 kg of pure nitrogen, 105-120 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 90-120 kg of potassium nitride. Middle-field: The target yield is 7500 kg, and 165-175 kg of pure nitrogen, 80-90 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 90 kg of potassium oxide are required per hectare. High-yield fields: The target output is 9000 kg, about 120 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare, 15-20 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 30-90 kg of potassium oxide.
Third, suitable fertilization period and method
Appropriate fertilization period and method should consider the nutrient characteristics of corn and soil water and fertilizer conditions in order to provide nutrient sources for summer maize growth period in a timely and effective manner.
(1) Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used as base fertilizers in the base fertilizer application formula; 60% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer. For the soil with poor water retention and fertilizer retention, it is mainly used for top dressing. The base fertilizer should be evenly spread on the surface and turned into 20 cm deep soil.
(2) skillful application of fertilizer from the fertilization formula to take out pure nitrogen 15 ~ 22.5 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 45 kg, potassium oxide 15 ~ 22.5 kg for seed fertilizer, strip application or point application. It is strictly forbidden to contact with seeds to lay the foundation for cultivating strong seedlings.
(3) It is mainly nitrogen fertilizer used for topdressing and topdressing. If there is no phosphorus or potassium fertilizer in the base fertilizer, it can be chased early. Topdressing is divided into three types: seedling fertilizer, jointing fertilizer, and attacking fertilizer. The seedlings should be light, ensuring the seedlings and the seedlings. Jointing fertilizer refers to the top dressing from the period of corn jointing to small bell mouth, which generally accounts for 40% of the amount of topdressing. The attacking and tapping fertilizer refers to the fertilizer applied in the corn flare period, which generally accounts for 60% of the topdressing amount.
The method of top dressing can be applied, or it can be applied at a point. The depth of fertilization is about 15 cm, and it should be covered in time after application.
(4) It is an auxiliary emergency measure to use external root dressing and top dressing. This method is often used when symptoms of deficiency occur or when root function declines. Foliar spraying was carried out on a sunny day at 4 pm with a 1% urea solution or a 0.08% to 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
Fourth, reasonable application of micro-fertilizer
The amount of zinc, boron and manganese based on the field lacking trace elements is 10 kg, 7 kg and 20 kg per hectare. When applied, mix an appropriate amount of fine soil, spread it evenly on the surface, and plow it into the soil. When seeding fertilizer, it can be soaked in a solution of 0.01% to 0.05% for 12 to 24 hours, and then dried after drying. It can also be used as a root dressing with 0.1%~0.2% solution, 900 kg per hectare, spray twice, with a time interval of about 15 days.
First, the effect of fertilization on increasing production
Summer corn is a crop that requires more nitrogen. Under normal circumstances, nitrogen application can increase yield by about 30%. However, as the input of nitrogen fertilizer increases, the supply of soil nutrients is out of balance, and it is necessary to balance fertilization in order to capture high yield of corn. Nitrogen and phosphorus combined with summer maize increased yield by about 47%; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined with summer maize increased yield by more than 60%.
Second, the scientific fertilization formula
Summer maize yield does not increase proportionally with the increase of fertilization amount, and exceeds a certain amount. The larger the fertilization amount, the lower the yield. A field trial is required to determine an economically sound fertilization formula.
(1) The local production formula is based on the yield of summer maize in the non-fertilization area. The ground power is divided into three levels: that is, the yield of summer maize per hectare is less than 3,750 kg for low-yield fields; 3,750 to 5,250 kg is for middle-yielding fields; for high-yield of more than 5,250 kg field. Low-yield fields: The target yield is 6000~6750 kg, and 256-224 kg of pure nitrogen, 120-150 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 0-75 kg of potassium oxide are applied per hectare. Middle-field: The target yield is 6750～8250 kg, and the application of pure nitrogen is 180-225 kg per hectare, phosphorus pentoxide is 105-120 kg, and potassium oxide is 75-105 kg. High-yield fields: The target yield is 8250-10500 kilograms, and each hectare requires 180-195 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 105 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, and 105-135 kilograms of potassium oxide.
(2) Soil testing and fertilization formula Determine the cost-effective fertilization formula by measuring soil nutrients. Soil alkaline nitrogen is less than 50 mg kg, fast-acting phosphorus is less than 15 mg/kg, and available potassium is lower than 80 mg/kg for low-yield fields; soil alkaline nitrogen is 60-110 mg/kg, and available phosphorus is 15-30 mg/kg. The available potassium is 80-120 mg/kg for middle-yield fields; the soil alkalinity exceeds 110 mg/kg, the available phosphorus exceeds 30 mg/kg, and the available potassium exceeds 120 mg/kg for high-yield fields. Low-yield fields: The target yield is 6000 kg, and each hectare requires 165-200 kg of pure nitrogen, 105-120 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 90-120 kg of potassium nitride. Middle-field: The target yield is 7500 kg, and 165-175 kg of pure nitrogen, 80-90 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 90 kg of potassium oxide are required per hectare. High-yield fields: The target output is 9000 kg, about 120 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare, 15-20 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 30-90 kg of potassium oxide.
Third, suitable fertilization period and method
Appropriate fertilization period and method should consider the nutrient characteristics of corn and soil water and fertilizer conditions in order to provide nutrient sources for summer maize growth period in a timely and effective manner.
(1) Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used as base fertilizers in the base fertilizer application formula; 60% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer. For the soil with poor water retention and fertilizer retention, it is mainly used for top dressing. The base fertilizer should be evenly spread on the surface and turned into 20 cm deep soil.
(2) skillful application of fertilizer from the fertilization formula to take out pure nitrogen 15 ~ 22.5 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 45 kg, potassium oxide 15 ~ 22.5 kg for seed fertilizer, strip application or point application. It is strictly forbidden to contact with seeds to lay the foundation for cultivating strong seedlings.
(3) It is mainly nitrogen fertilizer used for topdressing and topdressing. If there is no phosphorus or potassium fertilizer in the base fertilizer, it can be chased early. Topdressing is divided into three types: seedling fertilizer, jointing fertilizer, and attacking fertilizer. The seedlings should be light, ensuring the seedlings and the seedlings. Jointing fertilizer refers to the top dressing from the period of corn jointing to small bell mouth, which generally accounts for 40% of the amount of topdressing. The attacking and tapping fertilizer refers to the fertilizer applied in the corn flare period, which generally accounts for 60% of the topdressing amount.
The method of top dressing can be applied, or it can be applied at a point. The depth of fertilization is about 15 cm, and it should be covered in time after application.
(4) It is an auxiliary emergency measure to use external root dressing and top dressing. This method is often used when symptoms of deficiency occur or when root function declines. Foliar spraying was carried out on a sunny day at 4 pm with a 1% urea solution or a 0.08% to 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
Fourth, reasonable application of micro-fertilizer
The amount of zinc, boron and manganese based on the field lacking trace elements is 10 kg, 7 kg and 20 kg per hectare. When applied, mix an appropriate amount of fine soil, spread it evenly on the surface, and plow it into the soil. When seeding fertilizer, it can be soaked in a solution of 0.01% to 0.05% for 12 to 24 hours, and then dried after drying. It can also be used as a root dressing with 0.1%~0.2% solution, 900 kg per hectare, spray twice, with a time interval of about 15 days.
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