Germany develops the world's smallest single-atom transistor
The team led by Professor Thomas Himmel of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany has developed a single-atom transistor-a quantum electronic component that uses current to control the displacement of a single atom to achieve switching. Monoatomic transistors can operate at room temperature and consume very little power, which opens up new application prospects for future information technology. This achievement has been published in the "Advanced Materials" magazine.
Digitalization has a huge demand for energy. In industrialized countries, the current power consumption of information technology accounts for more than 10% of the entire industrial power consumption, whether it is a computer processing center, personal computer, or a variety of embedded applications from washing machines to smart phones system. At present, a USB memory of several euros contains hundreds of millions of transistors. The monoatomic transistor developed by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology can significantly improve the energy efficiency of information technology in the future. Professor Himmel said, "With this quantum electronic component, the energy consumption will be 10,000 times lower than traditional silicon technology electronic components." Professor Himmel is the director of the Center for Monoatomic Electronics and Photonics at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and is known as a pioneer in monoatomic electronics.
In a paper published in the journal Advanced Materials, the researchers described how to create two tiny metal contacts between gaps that are only as wide as a single metal atom to achieve the minimum limit that transistors can currently achieve. Professor Himmel said, "We are here to move a single silver atom through an electronically controlled pulse to complete the circuit closure; when we move the silver atom out of the gap, the circuit is cut off", thus realizing the world ’s smallest transistor is turned on Controlled reversible movement of a single atom. Unlike traditional quantum electronic components, single-atom transistors do not need to operate at low temperatures close to absolute zero, they can always work at room temperature, which is a decisive advantage for future applications.
In order to develop monoatomic transistors, researchers at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology have also developed a completely new process. Monoatomic transistors are composed entirely of metals and contain no semiconductor materials. As a result, the required voltage is extremely low, so the energy consumption is also extremely low. The researchers used to rely on liquid electrolytes to make single-atom transistors. Now, Professor Himmel and his team have applied the working principle of solid electrolytes for the first time. By combining water-soluble silver electrolyte gels with fumed silica gel electrolytes, they have improved The safety is more convenient for the processing of single atom transistors. (Reporter Gu Gang)
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