Application of silicon fertilizer technology for crops
2023-04-25 18:10:35
A large number of studies have shown that silicon is an indispensable element for the normal growth and development of crops such as rice, wheat, corn, soybeans and peanuts. It is the fourth element required by plants after nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The application of silicon fertilizer has a significant yield-increasing effect on crops. However, due to the stable nature of silicon, it will be fixed in the form of compounds in the soil, and the mobility is poor. Therefore, we must supplement it by applying silicon fertilizer. However, farmers' understanding of the importance of silicon fertilizer is far less than that of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Due to the long-term neglect of investment in silicon fertilizer, the shortage of silicon or less silicon in large-scale cultivated land in our city has become increasingly serious, and it has become a problem affecting crops to capture high yields. The limiting factor of stable production, so the application of silicon fertilizer has become an important technology for agricultural production.
First, the role of silicon fertilizer
Silicon fertilizer can be used as a fertilizer to provide nutrients and as a soil conditioner to improve the soil. In addition, it also has the effect of preventing disease, preventing insects and reducing toxicity.
Specifically have the following effects:
1. Silicon is an important nutrient element of plant body composition. Most of the plants contain a large amount of silicon. For example, if 1000 kilograms of rice is produced, the absorption of silica on the ground part of rice reaches 150 kilograms, which exceeds the sum of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by rice. The higher the grain yield, the more nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the greater the demand for silicon fertilizer.
2. After the silicon is absorbed by the crop, silicified cells are formed to increase the cell wall strength of the plant. The plant type is straight and straight, which facilitates close planting and improves the photosynthesis of the leaf surface, which is beneficial to the ventilation, light transmission and accumulation of organic matter. Silicon can increase the chlorophyll content of plants, prolong the growth period, and promote plant growth. As a result, the silicon fertilizer changes the population structure of the crop, and the potential for crop yield increase is large.
3. The formation of silicified cells thickens the surface cell wall of the crop and increases the stratum corneum, thereby enhancing the resistance to pests and diseases, especially for rice blast, leaf spot, stem rot, bacterial blight, aphids, aphids and other pests. Increased resistance. This will reduce the amount of pesticides.
4. Silicon can enhance the strength of the straw at the base of the plant, enhance the rigidity of the crop conduit, enhance the internal ventilation of the plant, thereby enhancing the oxidative capacity of the root system, preventing premature aging and decay of the roots, and enhancing the lodging resistance. For example, silicon has a strong preventive effect on rice root rot disease. Silicon fertilizer can also prevent high-yield rice and other crops from lodging.
5. Silicified cells in crops can effectively regulate leaf stomatal opening and closing and water transpiration. Therefore, the application of silicon fertilizer enhances the ability of crops to resist drought, dry heat and low temperature.
6. Silicon can reduce the fixation of phosphate fertilizer in the soil, and at the same time activate phosphorus in the soil and promote the action of phosphorus in the plant, thereby increasing the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer and the seed setting rate of crops.
7. Silicon can enhance pollen vigor and increase the rate of fruit and fruit crops.
8. Silicon fertilizer is a health fertilizer that can improve soil, improve soil salt base, promote decomposition of organic fertilizer, and inhibit soil bacteria.
9. Silicon is a quality element, which has the effect of improving the quality of agricultural products, making the products have good color and aroma, and is resistant to storage and transportation.
10. Silicon fertilizer can prevent heavy metal pollution to farmland. This is important for the prevention of heavy metal cadmium, manganese and lead pollution in crop areas in China using urban sewage irrigation and using sludge as fertilizer. Silicon fertilizer can also prevent hydrogen sulfide, methane and other damage to crop roots.
Second, the main varieties of silicon fertilizer
1. Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences (rice cultivation) research so that industrial waste residue - fly ash and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers as raw materials for the development of silicon-nitrogen phosphorus compound fertilizer.
2. The calcium fertilizer produced by Tonghua Baixing Superfine Milling Factory. The main nutrient index of the fertilizer: SiO2 ≥ 36.0%, CaO ≥ 20.0%, MgO ≥ 6.0%, potassium oxide ≥ 0.6%.
3. The content of silicon oxide in organic fertilizer is generally 5% to 10%, and some are as high as 15%.
4. The slag of the smelter can also be used as silicon fertilizer.
Third, the application technology of silicon fertilizer
1. Determine whether to apply silicon fertilizer based on the abundance of silicon in the soil. According to the soil analysis test to determine whether the local soil silicon content is below the critical value, usually the soil effective silicon content in the range of 127 ~ 181 mg / kg is a silicon-deficient soil. Application of silicon fertilizer has a significant increase in production.
2. Method of application. (1) It is suitable as a base fertilizer and should not be used as a seed fertilizer. It can be applied alone or in combination with farmyard manure. 2 can be used as top dressing, should be applied early, deep application. Rice can be applied before transplanting in the ground, or can be applied after transplanting, to maintain shallow water layer, dry field topdressing can be applied to the hole or ditch, after applying soil and watering. The fruit trees are fertilized in the autumn and winter and early spring alone with the organic fertilizer ditch (circular radial groove), generally 5 to 10 kg per plant.
3. The amount of silicon fertilizer applied. The application amount of silicon fertilizer should be determined according to the content of available silicon in different plots of soil and the content of soluble silicon in silicon fertilizer. Soils that are severely deficient in silicon can be applied in moderation, while soils that are mildly deficient in silicon should be applied less. Water-soluble silicon fertilizer with an effective silicon content of 50-60% can be applied for 6-10 kg per mu; steel slag silicon fertilizer with effective silicon content of 30-40% can be applied 30-50 kg per mu; effective silicon content is lower than 30%, 50-100 kg per acre.
4. Silicon fertilizer can be stored for a long time, but should be stored in a dry place, protected from rain. If the moisture is agglomerated, it can be crushed and then chased, and it will not be used. Silicon fertilizer has long residual effect and generally does not have to be applied annually. It can be applied intermittently according to the situation. It can also be used for the first year constant and the second year.
5. Precautions for the application of silicon fertilizer. 1 must be combined with other fertilizers. Silicon fertilizer can not replace nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon fertilizer scientifically combined application, in order to obtain good results. 2 Silicon fertilizer cannot be mixed or applied simultaneously with ammonium bicarbonate. Silicon fertilizer will volatilize ammonia in ammonium bicarbonate, reduce the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, and cause unnecessary waste.
First, the role of silicon fertilizer
Silicon fertilizer can be used as a fertilizer to provide nutrients and as a soil conditioner to improve the soil. In addition, it also has the effect of preventing disease, preventing insects and reducing toxicity.
Specifically have the following effects:
1. Silicon is an important nutrient element of plant body composition. Most of the plants contain a large amount of silicon. For example, if 1000 kilograms of rice is produced, the absorption of silica on the ground part of rice reaches 150 kilograms, which exceeds the sum of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by rice. The higher the grain yield, the more nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the greater the demand for silicon fertilizer.
2. After the silicon is absorbed by the crop, silicified cells are formed to increase the cell wall strength of the plant. The plant type is straight and straight, which facilitates close planting and improves the photosynthesis of the leaf surface, which is beneficial to the ventilation, light transmission and accumulation of organic matter. Silicon can increase the chlorophyll content of plants, prolong the growth period, and promote plant growth. As a result, the silicon fertilizer changes the population structure of the crop, and the potential for crop yield increase is large.
3. The formation of silicified cells thickens the surface cell wall of the crop and increases the stratum corneum, thereby enhancing the resistance to pests and diseases, especially for rice blast, leaf spot, stem rot, bacterial blight, aphids, aphids and other pests. Increased resistance. This will reduce the amount of pesticides.
4. Silicon can enhance the strength of the straw at the base of the plant, enhance the rigidity of the crop conduit, enhance the internal ventilation of the plant, thereby enhancing the oxidative capacity of the root system, preventing premature aging and decay of the roots, and enhancing the lodging resistance. For example, silicon has a strong preventive effect on rice root rot disease. Silicon fertilizer can also prevent high-yield rice and other crops from lodging.
5. Silicified cells in crops can effectively regulate leaf stomatal opening and closing and water transpiration. Therefore, the application of silicon fertilizer enhances the ability of crops to resist drought, dry heat and low temperature.
6. Silicon can reduce the fixation of phosphate fertilizer in the soil, and at the same time activate phosphorus in the soil and promote the action of phosphorus in the plant, thereby increasing the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer and the seed setting rate of crops.
7. Silicon can enhance pollen vigor and increase the rate of fruit and fruit crops.
8. Silicon fertilizer is a health fertilizer that can improve soil, improve soil salt base, promote decomposition of organic fertilizer, and inhibit soil bacteria.
9. Silicon is a quality element, which has the effect of improving the quality of agricultural products, making the products have good color and aroma, and is resistant to storage and transportation.
10. Silicon fertilizer can prevent heavy metal pollution to farmland. This is important for the prevention of heavy metal cadmium, manganese and lead pollution in crop areas in China using urban sewage irrigation and using sludge as fertilizer. Silicon fertilizer can also prevent hydrogen sulfide, methane and other damage to crop roots.
Second, the main varieties of silicon fertilizer
1. Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences (rice cultivation) research so that industrial waste residue - fly ash and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers as raw materials for the development of silicon-nitrogen phosphorus compound fertilizer.
2. The calcium fertilizer produced by Tonghua Baixing Superfine Milling Factory. The main nutrient index of the fertilizer: SiO2 ≥ 36.0%, CaO ≥ 20.0%, MgO ≥ 6.0%, potassium oxide ≥ 0.6%.
3. The content of silicon oxide in organic fertilizer is generally 5% to 10%, and some are as high as 15%.
4. The slag of the smelter can also be used as silicon fertilizer.
Third, the application technology of silicon fertilizer
1. Determine whether to apply silicon fertilizer based on the abundance of silicon in the soil. According to the soil analysis test to determine whether the local soil silicon content is below the critical value, usually the soil effective silicon content in the range of 127 ~ 181 mg / kg is a silicon-deficient soil. Application of silicon fertilizer has a significant increase in production.
2. Method of application. (1) It is suitable as a base fertilizer and should not be used as a seed fertilizer. It can be applied alone or in combination with farmyard manure. 2 can be used as top dressing, should be applied early, deep application. Rice can be applied before transplanting in the ground, or can be applied after transplanting, to maintain shallow water layer, dry field topdressing can be applied to the hole or ditch, after applying soil and watering. The fruit trees are fertilized in the autumn and winter and early spring alone with the organic fertilizer ditch (circular radial groove), generally 5 to 10 kg per plant.
3. The amount of silicon fertilizer applied. The application amount of silicon fertilizer should be determined according to the content of available silicon in different plots of soil and the content of soluble silicon in silicon fertilizer. Soils that are severely deficient in silicon can be applied in moderation, while soils that are mildly deficient in silicon should be applied less. Water-soluble silicon fertilizer with an effective silicon content of 50-60% can be applied for 6-10 kg per mu; steel slag silicon fertilizer with effective silicon content of 30-40% can be applied 30-50 kg per mu; effective silicon content is lower than 30%, 50-100 kg per acre.
4. Silicon fertilizer can be stored for a long time, but should be stored in a dry place, protected from rain. If the moisture is agglomerated, it can be crushed and then chased, and it will not be used. Silicon fertilizer has long residual effect and generally does not have to be applied annually. It can be applied intermittently according to the situation. It can also be used for the first year constant and the second year.
5. Precautions for the application of silicon fertilizer. 1 must be combined with other fertilizers. Silicon fertilizer can not replace nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon fertilizer scientifically combined application, in order to obtain good results. 2 Silicon fertilizer cannot be mixed or applied simultaneously with ammonium bicarbonate. Silicon fertilizer will volatilize ammonia in ammonium bicarbonate, reduce the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, and cause unnecessary waste.
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